National risk assessment of irrigation on farmland near wastewater treatment plants in Korea

There are more than 130 agricultural water sources that are located near wastewater treatment plants (WWTPS) in Korea. The majority of the stream flow in these farmlands is dependent on effluent from the WWTPS during the dry season. This explains the indirect or direct reuse of effluent from WWTPs. Most of the farm workers use the effluent without any additional treatment because they have a lack of knowledge regarding water reuse. In addition, insufficient consideration is given to health and hygiene safety. This study reviewed the safety issues in these farmlands. A total of 53 farmlands located near WWTPs were investigated to determine if farm workers used effluent as irrigation water on their paddy rice fields. Total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the concentration of some heavy metals in paddy water and soils were measured. Quantitative microbial and toxic risk assessment methods were used to review the safety of wastewater irrigation. E. coli concentrations were used to estimate the microbial risk of enteric disease in the paddy fields. The microbial risk was 5.9 × 10^?4, which did not satisfy the minimum safety standards. Carcinogenic risk was 3.99 × 10^?5 and non-carcinogenic risk was 6.34 × 10^?1. These values were too high to be considered safe, even though the measurements of E. coli and some toxic metals were of short duration.     

Adsorption of Ammonium Nitrogen and Phosphate onto Basanite and Evaluation of Toxicity

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - Preliminary analysis on dredged marine sediments from Benoi basin in Singapore was carried out showing elevated concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni....     

A generalized approach to the modification of solid surfaces

Interfacial interactions underpin phenomena ranging from adhesion to surface wetting. Here, we describe a simple, rapid, and robust approach to modifying solid surfaces, based on an ultrathin cross-linkable film of a random copolymer, which does not rely on specific surface chemistries. Specifically, thin films of benzocyclobutene-functionalized random copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate were spin coated or transferred, then thermally cross-linked on a wide variety of metal, metal oxide, semiconductor, and polymeric surfaces, producing a coating with a controlled thickness and well-defined surface energy. The process described can be easily implemented and adapted to other systems.     

云南省马铃薯银腐病(Helminthosporiumsolani)的研究

20 0 1年我们从云南省薯产区市场上和仓库内采集到马铃薯银腐病标本 ,研究表明 ,该病冬季发病率达 33. 3%。受感染部位多分布于薯块的茎基端 ,重病薯块因失水过多 ,块茎皱缩。病菌生长后期变为棕色。分生孢子梗无分枝 ,大小为 15 0～ 5 5 0× 7 0～ 10 0 μm (平均 35 0× 8 5 μm ) ,1～ 6根成簇着生于球形基部。分生孢子棕色 ,单个或成簇地自分生孢子梗基端往上呈轮状排列 ,直或稍弯 ,顶端小 ,略呈锥形 ,有 3～ 8个横隔 ,大小为 2 0～ 80 μm× 7 5～ 10 μm (平均 5 0× 8 5 μm )。根据该病病原真菌的形态学和培养性状 ,鉴定为茄长蠕孢 (Helminthosporiumsolani)。黑暗和光照下培养 ,分生孢的萌发率无明显差异。通过人工接种于薯块表面 ,表现出较强的致病性 ,马铃薯银腐病在中国属首次报道     

Imaging evaluation of the liver using multi-detector row computed tomography in micropigs as potential living liver donors

The shortage of organ donors has stimulated interest in the possibility of using animal organs for transplantation into humans. In addition, pigs are now considered to be the most likely source animals for human xenotransplantation because of their advantages over non-human primates. However, the appropriate standard values for estimations of the liver of micropigs have not been established. The determination of standard values for the micropig liver using multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) would help to select a suitable donor for an individual patient, determine the condition of the liver of the micropigs and help predict patient prognosis. Therefore, we determined the standard values for the livers of micropigs using MDCT. The liver parenchyma showed homogenous enhancement and had no space-occupying lesions. The total and right lobe volumes of the liver were 698.57 ± 47.81 ml and 420.14 ± 26.70 ml, which are 51.74% and 49.35% of the human liver volume, respectively. In micropigs, the percentage of liver volume to body weight was approximately 2.05%. The diameters of the common hepatic artery and proper hepatic artery were 6.24 ± 0.20 mm and 4.68 ± 0.13 mm, respectively. The hepatic vascular system of the micropigs was similar to that of humans, except for the variation in the length of the proper hepatic artery. In addition, the diameter of the portal vein was 11.27 ± 0.38 mm. In conclusion, imaging evaluation using the MDCT was a reliable method for liver evaluation and its vascular anatomy for xenotransplantation using micropigs.     

多酶制剂能使猪饲料营养最大化

由猪传统日粮所用饲料原料带来的成本和供应问题促使人们寻找更新的饲料原料,并以求最大程度地利用所选原料中的养分。