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排序方式: 共有236条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Risa Tabata Fuki Kawaguchi Shinji Sasazaki Yoshio Yamamoto Meirat Bakhtin Polat Kazymbet Alykhan Meldevekob Maratbek Z. Suleimenov Masahide Nishibori Hideyuki Mannen 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(3):317-322
Goats (Capra hircus) were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent and propagated all over the world. The Silk Road through the Eurasian Steppe belt is a possible propagation route for domestic goats to Central Asia. Kazakhstan is in close geographical proximity to domestication centers and covers the majority of the Eurasian Steppe belt. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of Kazakhstani goats. The mtDNA sequences of 141 Kazakhstani goats were categorized into haplogroups A, C, and D, of which haplogroup A was predominant (97%), whereas haplogroups C and D were detected at low frequencies (1.4% each). The Kazakhstani haplotypes C were thzen categorized into Asian mtDNA type. Sequence analysis of the SRY gene on the Y‐chromosome in 67 male Kazakhstani goats revealed two haplotypes: Y1A (64%) and Y2A (36%). Analysis of the distribution of mtDNA haplogroups and SRY haplotypes from Eurasia and Africa demonstrated genetic similarity among animals from Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Northwest China located on the Eurasian Steppe belt. These phylogeographic results suggested that the Eurasian Steppe belt was an important propagation route for goats to Central Asia. 相似文献
52.
Hiroshi OKAMOTO Mamoru SATO Yoshio MIYATA Masami YOSHIKAWA Makoto ISAKA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):86-94
Bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of angelica trees were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against Phytophthora cactorum, a causal agent of Phytophthora root rot. Of these, three bacterial strains, designated as T-1-8, T-1-14 and T-1-23, strongly inhibited mycelial growth of
P. cactorum ARE-862 in a dual-culture plate assay. Biocontrol activity of these strains was then examined by dipping root of young seedlings
of angelica trees into a bacterial suspension. The incidence of Phytophthora root rot was markedly suppressed for at least 79 days in pot tests when treated seedlings were planted in naturally infested
soil. The suppression was maintained through June of the next year. In addition, these strains significantly reduced the development
of Phytophthora root rot up to 47 days in naturally infested field and up to 63 days (the last day of testing) in an artificially (moderately)
infested field. Based on their main bacteriological properties, strain T-1-14 was identified as Enterobacter cloacae and T-1-8 and T-1-23 were identified as Serratia ficaria.
Received 5 July 1999/ Accepted in revised form 25 October 1999 相似文献
53.
Gotanda T Doi M Eiguchi Y Tanaka Y Kobayashi S Fujisaki Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(3):281-283
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), R1 and M5, were established against the second-generation schizont of Leucocytozoon caulleryi (L. caulleryi). Both antibodies reacted to membrane and internal structure proteins of the second-generation schizont by immunofluorescence microscopy. Molecular weight of the second-generation schizont (2GS) antigen was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. At least 40 protein bands were detected in 2GS antigen by SDS-PAGE under reduced condition and ranged from 10 to 270 kDa. MAb R1 reacted to polypeptides of 150-268 kDa in 2GS antigen, whereas MAb M5 did with that of 66 kDa. Injection with a protein of 2GS antigen fractionated by affinity chromatography using MAbs R1 and M5 protected chickens against challenge with sporozoites of L. caulleryi. These results suggest that MAbs, R1 and M5, recognize 2GS antigen of L caulleryi. 相似文献
54.
Yoshio Kijidani Naoki Ohshiro Junji Matsumura Shinya Koga 《Journal of Wood Science》2014,60(4):235-242
Indole acetic acid (IAA) was believed to be an important regulator in xylem formation in conifers. However, few studies have been done on the endogenous amount of IAA in cambial region tissues in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) trees. In this study, we report the IAA amounts in the lower and upper trunk of mature sugi cultivars (Kumotoshi, Yaichi and Obiaka) in September, and the effects of growth traits on the IAA amounts. The effect of height position (lower or upper trunk) on IAA amounts was found to be larger than that of genetic variation (Kumotoshi, Yaichi or Obiaka) by two-way ANOVA. There was no significant interaction effect (genetic variation × height position). The IAA amounts of all trees varied from 3 to 42 ng/cm2 at the lower trunk and 9 to 47 ng/cm2 at the upper trunk. Crown length and distance from crown base had significant positive and negative effects on IAA amounts in the trunk of sugi cultivars, respectively. Distance from crown base had a larger effect on IAA amounts than crown length. In Yaichi, taller trees had larger IAA amounts at both the lower and upper trunk. 相似文献
55.
Masachika Hirano Nobushige Itaya Isao Ohno Yoshio Fujita Hirosuke Yoshioka 《Pest management science》1979,10(4):291-294
Thirteen pyrethroid-type esters of substituted 1(or 3)-hydroxymethylimidazolidine-2, 4-dione were synthesised and their knockdown activities against houseflies, mosquitoes and cockroaches were examined. Knockdown activities of 2,4-dioxo-1-prop-2-ynylimidazolidin-3-ylmethyl esters in oil solutions were higher than those of known knockdown pyrethroids; three of the compounds also possessed strong knockdown and flushing-out activities against cockroaches. 相似文献
56.
To produce 5-reductase inhibitory compounds, resveratrol was enzymatically oxidized in a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2 system. Ethyl acetate extract of the oxidation products showed strong 5-reductase inhibitory activity with 10%–15% organic solvents in the system, whereas without organic solvent little inhibitory activity was exhibited. The optimum pH of enzymatic oxidation for acquisition of the inhibitory activity was 4.5. The inhibitory compounds were isolated and identified as resveratroltrans-dehydrodimer and resveratrolcis-dehydrodimer by comparing with published nuclear magnetic resonance data. The two resveratrol dehydrodimers have stronger inhibitory activity than natural resveratrol dimers and trimers found inShorea species. 相似文献
57.
Yoshiyuki Kiyono Yukihito Ochiai Yukihiro Chiba Hidetoshi Asai Kazuki Saito Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa Takeshi Horie Visone Songnoukhai Viengmany Navongxai Yoshio Inoue 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(5):371-383
In northern Lao People’s Democratic Republic, rising human population has drastically reduced the fallow period of slash-and-burn
agriculture which has led to a considerable decrease in the carbon stock in these communities. We estimated chronosequential
changes in the communities' carbon stocks, and established the relationship between the fallow period and fallow-period-average
carbon stocks in three carbon pools of bamboo-dominated communities in hilly areas of the Luang Prabang Province, northern
Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Based on measurements by destructive sampling, we devised a model and root-to-shoot ratios
for estimating bamboo biomass. In six secondary plant communities established after slash-and-burn cropping, we estimated
community biomass using the above model and others, and measured deadwood and litter stocks. The communities’ biomass and
deadwood significantly increased with time after the last cropping and the former reached about 100 Mg ha−1 after 15 years, whereas litter stocks did not show significant trends over time. Extending the fallow period from 2 to 5 years
would increase fallow-period-average carbon stock from 14.2 to 25.1 Mg C ha−1. The overstory height was significantly correlated with biomass, deadwood, and litter carbon stocks of these communities.
Based on our findings, changes in a community’s carbon stocks can be estimated using the changes in overstory height, which
should be taken into account in future studies to reduce uncertainty in estimating carbon stocks in tropical ecosystems. 相似文献
58.
Masuda T Yamada K Maekawa T Takeda Y Yamaguchi H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(16):6069-6074
In our studies of the chain-breaking antioxidant mechanism of natural phenols in food components, ferulic acid, a phenolic acid widely distributed in edible plants, especially grain, was investigated. The radical oxidation reaction of a large amount of ethyl linoleate in the presence of the methyl ester of ferulic acid produced four types of peroxides as radical termination products. The isolation and structure determination of the peroxides revealed that they had tricyclic structures which consisted of ethyl linoleate, methyl ferulate, and molecular oxygen. Based on the formation pathway of the products, a radical scavenging reaction occurred at the 3'-position of the ferulate radical with the four types of peroxyl radicals of ethyl linoleate. The produced peroxides subsequently underwent intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction to afford stable tricyclic peroxides. 相似文献
59.
Classically, selection for superior genotypes in cacao has been based on the successive harvest records across a number of
years. Little information on the minimum duration of these harvest periods is available in the literature. The repeatability
coefficient (ρ) was used to estimate this period. Twenty five cacao genotypes were assayed in a randomized block design with
four replications and 16-plant plots. The following yield components were studied: number of healthy fruits per plant, number
of collected fruits per plant, weight of humid seeds per plant and per fruit, and percentage of diseased fruits per plant,
over 5 years (1986–90). Repeatability estimates were higher than 0.84 for all components, except percentage of diseased fruits
per plant (^ρ - 0.41). With such estimates, it is possible to select genotypes on the basis of only two years of successive
harvests, with a determination coefficient of 90%. The advantages of applying the repeatability coefficient to the cacao breeding
program are discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
60.
Hideki TAKAHASHI Mitsuhiro SUGIYAMA SUKAMTO Akira KARASAWA Shuu HASE Yoshio EHARA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(4):335-344
A variant of Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV(Y/GM2), was isolated from a tobacco plant with mild green mosaic symptoms that was regenerated in vitro from a yellow strain of CMV [CMV(Y)]-infected tobacco leaves by tissue culture. CMV(Y/GM2) has two amino acid substitutions
at 36 and 111 positions in the coat protein encoded on RNA3. CMV, assembled by mixing in vitro transcribed CMV(Y) RNA1 and RNA2 plus infectious RNA3 transcribed in vitro from cDNA to RNA3 of CMV(Y/GM2), was prepared and designated as CMV(Y/GM2)tr. When tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc) plants were inoculated with CMV(Y/GM2)tr, large necrotic local lesions in which the virus was localized, developed
on the inoculated leaves. This host response unique to CMV(Y/GM2)tr was similar to the hypersensitive response (HR), which
is a common resistance response to avirulent pathogens and was observed in five cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum and eight Nicotiana species. The revertant virus, however, accumulated to quite different levels in the various hosts. CMV(Y/GM2)tr induced pathogenesis-related
1 (PR-1) protein accumulation and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) which were generally observed in the HR. However, when
tobaccos were inoculated with CMV(S36P)tr and CMV(V111I)tr, which have an amino acid substitution at either the 36 or 111
position in the coat protein of CMV(Y), respectively, CMV(S36P)tr was restricted to the primary infection site without necrotic
local lesion formation and PR-1 protein and SAR induction. CMV(V111I)tr, however, systemically spread and induced mild green
mosaic symptoms, while the host had the HR to CMV(Y/GM2)tr. The localization of CMV(Y/GM2)tr at the primary infection site
may not only be caused by the HR, but also by the restriction of virus systemic movement resulting from the amino acid substitution
at position 36 in the coat protein of CMV(Y).
Received 15 December 1999/ Accepted in revised form 18 April 2000 相似文献