中晚熟玉米新品种酒623选育报告

酒623是以外引系6H为母本、自育系酒23为父本选育而成的中晚熟玉米新品种。在2014—2015年甘肃省中晚熟高密A组玉米区域试验中,2 a10点(次)平均折合产量16 402.5 kg/hm~2,比对照品种先玉335增产6.6%。在2016年甘肃省中晚熟高密A组玉米生产试验中,5点平均折合产量15 406.5 kg/hm~2,比对照品种先玉335增产4.6%。酒623抗穗腐病、丝黑穗病和瘤黑粉病,中抗茎基腐病和矮花叶病。籽粒含粗蛋白8.26%、粗脂肪3.61%、粗淀粉74.51%、赖氨酸0.21%。适宜在甘肃省中晚熟水地春玉米区种植。     

物化法去除糖蜜酒精废水硫酸盐效果及其产气性能的比较

糖蜜酒精废水中高浓度的硫酸盐会抑制生化处理产甲烷性能。该文采用活性炭、Ba Cl2·2H2O、Ca(OH)2及铁碳微电池法对糖蜜酒精废水中的硫酸盐进行预处理,并分析了预处理前后硫酸根及化学需氧量COD的变化,同时,也分析评价了几种方法对产气性能的影响。结果表明:在500.0 g糖蜜酒精废水中加入8.0 g活性炭,硫酸根去除率达80.0%以上,且产气性能相对最好,累计产气率可达437.3 m L/g。在500.0 g糖蜜酒精废水中,根据S元素含量和Ba SO4的分子组成比例,添加70%的化学试剂Ba Cl2·2H2O,能全部去除硫酸根,累计产气率可达483.2 m L/g,产气效果相对最好,同等条件下,添加70%的Ca(OH)2,硫酸根也能全部去除,累计产气率可达436.6 m L/g。铁碳微电池处理的糖蜜酒精废水,能有效抑制硫酸根的影响,并且可以提高废水的可生化性,累计产气率为451.0 m L/g,是对照处理293.1 m L/g的1.5倍。各处理效果的产气性能排序为70%Ba Cl2·2H2O铁碳微电池8.0 g活性炭吸附70%Ca(OH)2对照组。     

4种不同性诱剂对玉米草地贪夜蛾诱集作用

为准确掌握草地贪夜蛾成虫发生动态,筛选对当地种群专一性强、灵敏度高的性诱剂,对深圳百乐宝生物农业科技有限公司(BLB)、宁波纽康生物技术有限公司(NK)、江苏宁录科技股份有限公司(NL)、南京新安中绿生物科技有限公司(XAZL)4个厂家生产的草地贪夜蛾性诱剂在江苏盐城市大丰区进行田间诱捕效果试验,探讨草地贪夜蛾性诱剂的使用技术。结果表明:4种不同性诱剂诱芯对草地贪夜蛾的诱集效果存在明显差异。BLB诱芯和NL诱芯可以有效监测草地贪夜蛾成虫田间发生动态,羽化高峰期明显,且峰值日期一致,NK诱芯诱集的成虫虫峰不明显,XAZL诱芯零星诱到成虫,无明显成虫高峰;BLB诱芯监测期内日均诱蛾量、最高单次诱蛾量、总诱蛾量均显著高于其他3种诱芯,其总诱蛾量达136.75头,分别是NL诱芯、NK诱芯、XAZL诱芯的1.47倍、4.76倍、10.52倍;通过对BLB诱芯进行持续30 d和持续60 d的诱捕对比试验,发现BLB诱芯1~30 d内诱捕性能稳定,诱蛾量大,31~60 d内日均诱蛾量、最高单次诱蛾量、总诱蛾量均有所下降且达显著水平,尤其是50 d后诱捕量下降明显。结果表明:BLB诱芯的诱蛾量大,能够明显反映出草地贪夜蛾的羽化高峰期,符合测报要求,更适合本地区草地贪夜蛾的监测,使用该诱芯时建议30 d更换1次。     

Technical efficiency of different farm sizes for tilapia farming in China

China is the world's largest tilapia producer. This study uses the stochastic frontier function in the Cobb–Douglas model to evaluate a production frontier for tilapia aquaculture and analyses the relationship between farm size and production efficiency in China. A random sample of 300 tilapia farmers was surveyed in the main tilapia‐producing areas to study their economic efficiencies. The percentage distribution of tilapia farm technical efficiency was determined, with an average efficiency of 79%, which showed that the sample tilapia farmers operate at 21% below the production frontier and hence that they still have a chance to achieve targeted yields. The technical efficiencies of two categories (≤1 ha and >1 ha) were 78.82% and 79.27% respectively. A second‐stage analysis investigated the relationship between farm size and technical efficiency and showed a positive relationship between farm size and production efficiency based on the ordinary least‐squares model. The optimal farm size was found to be 7.50 ha. This study proposes strategies such as enlarging the farming scale moderately, thereby achieving the advantage of economies of scale, and enhancing the competitiveness of the tilapia industry in China.     

无公害水产养殖中的用药问题研究

在无公害水产养殖中,药品的使用一直是一个难点,探讨了施实无公害化养殖势中的用药问题。在市场上绿色环保产品正成为主要的发展方向,无公害水产品正是适应绿色环保产品需求的产物。     

接种内生菌对干旱胁迫下甘蔗的生理影响

探索内生菌对甘蔗抗旱能力的影响,以期为开发利用甘蔗内生菌抗旱性功能菌株提供理论依据和技术支撑.以课题组前期分离鉴定的6株甘蔗内生菌为供试菌株,甘蔗品种'ROC22'幼苗接种7天后进行干旱胁迫,然后取完全展开的第一叶叶片测定相关生理指标.结果 表明,E3、09和YC89均有较高的ACC脱氨酶活性,不同甘蔗内生菌菌株对甘蔗...     

基于柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的中国罗非鱼池塘养殖经济效益及影响因素分析

为了分析罗非鱼养殖经济效益的影响因素,采用2014年广东、广西、海南、福建和云南等5省（自治区）12个县的300组调查数据,运用成本收益分析法对罗非鱼池塘单养、混养和综合经营模式的经济效益进行了统计分析,并通过柯布-道格拉斯生产函数模型,测算了不同的投入和产出因素对中国罗非鱼池塘养殖经济效益的影响程度。结果表明,罗非鱼综合经营模式的成本利润率最高,罗非鱼单养模式的成本利润率最低。罗非鱼养殖生产的饲料投入、罗非鱼劳动用工数和池塘养殖面积因素是影响罗非鱼养殖效益的最显著因素。提出进行健康生态养殖,提高罗非鱼产品质量、降低饲料系数,提高饲料利用率、成立产业化经营组织和发展电子商务等途径来提高中国罗非鱼池塘养殖的经济效益。     

草坪品种及草坪种植技术

介绍了从国外引进适宜在山西省种植的８类２５个草坪品种，及其在省内适宜引种的区域、种植技术和管理方法。     

Major nutrients,heavy metals and PBDEs in soils after long-term sewage sludge application

Purpose

Two contrasting soils receiving long-term application of commercial sewage sludge fertilizers in China were investigated to determine the concentrations of selected nutrients, heavy metals (HMs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) present to evaluate the impact of sewage sludge fertilizer on soil fertility and environmental risk.

Materials and methods

Soil samples were collected from Tangshan City, Hebei province and Ningbo City, Zhejiang province and divided into two portions, one of which was air-dried and sieved through 2-, 0.25- and 0.149-mm nylon mesh for determination of nutrients and heavy metals. The other portion was frozen at ?20°C, freeze-dried and sieved through 2-mm nylon mesh for PBDE analysis. The concentrations of nutrients, heavy metals and PBDEs were determined in all samples.

Results and discussion

Concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals in soils amended with low rates of sewage sludge fertilizer (SSF) and conventional fertilizer were compared. After long-term excessive amendment with SSF from Ningbo City (SSF-N), the concentrations of soil total N, P, aqua regia-extractable HMs and DTPA extractable HMs were higher than the control, especially in the arable layer. Moreover, the concentration of aqua regia-extractable Zn (457 mg kg^?1) exceeded the recommended China Environmental Quality Standard for soils (GB15618-1995). All 8 target PBDE congeners were found in fertilizer SSF-N and soil with excessive amendment with SSF-N for 12 years, but the concentrations of 8 different PBDEs in SSF-N-amended soil were not significantly different from control soil.

Conclusions

Both economic and environmental benefits can be obtained by careful application of sewage sludge fertilizer to recycle plant nutrients. Repeated and excessive application rates of sewage sludge fertilizer may pose environmental risk, especially in respect of soil heavy metal and PBDE contamination, and high concentrations of phosphorus may also be environmentally detrimental.