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91.
Botanical origin and chemical composition of Brazilian propolis 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Brazilian propolis has been classified into 12 groups based on physicochemical characteristics: five in the southern Brazil group (group 3), one in the southeastern Brazil group (group 12), and six in the northeastern Brazil group (group 6). The plant origins of these groups were investigated using reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RPHPTLC), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was concluded that the origins of propolis group 3, group 6, and group 12 are resins of the poplar tree, Hyptis divaricata, and Baccharis dracunculifolia, respectively. 相似文献
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94.
Compressed wooden plates and dowels were used to connect members in post-and-beam structures as a substitute for a steel fastener.
In order to take advantage of the characteristic properties of compressed wood and to achieve optimum joint performance, two
compressed wooden plates were used in each joint to give multiple shear planes for each compressed wooden dowel. Consequently,
this type of joint showed very good properties in pull-out and momen-trotation performance, and its engineering design could
be further optimized. This joint is expected to be introduced to many kinds of structural systems, including long-span frame
structures made of domestic timber found in Japanese residential houses. 相似文献
95.
Climate change spurs havoc on social-ecological system. People and places vulnerable to climate change have been the focus of many discussions. However, in the forestry sector, limited studies have been conducted that link human vulnerability to recent initiatives, such as reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation or REDD+, especially in highly vulnerable countries. Using case studies from the Philippines, this paper focuses on the vulnerability of two community-based forest management (CBFM) organizations, with and without REDD+ readiness intervention, to show the impacts of climate variability and extremes. Two balance-weighted approaches, the livelihood vulnerability index and the IPCC-framework, were used in the vulnerability assessments. Results revealed high vulnerability of both CBFM organizations, although Malitbog Upland Developers for Sustainable Association (MUDSA) livelihood vulnerability is largely aggravated by its exposure to disaster, climate variability and extremes, accessibility to health facilities and water supply. The long history of CBFM implementation in both organizations have minimal contribution in enhancing the adaptive capacity of members to cope with and adapt to climate change impacts. REDD+ (readiness), does not insure reduced vulnerability to climate change, unless sustainable livelihood is achieved. As the State controls forest resources, the rights of CBFM-organizations to commercially benefit from these resources are limited, a disincentive to the development of new and viable development programs in CBFM areas, such as REDD+. This also constrains the achievement of climate resiliency. 相似文献
96.
Carolina Reigada Rafael de Andrade Moral Clarice Garcia Borges Demétrio José Roberto Postali Parra 《Journal of pest science》2018,91(1):121-131
The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera is a destructive pest that affects a variety of crop plants. Because of its polyphagous feeding habit, mobility as adults, and high fecundity, the expanding infestations of H. armigera in different crops have caused economic losses and difficulties for pest population management. In Brazil, a sequence of different crop systems in the same area and crop rotation during the year can create a spatio-temporal mosaic of crops where H. armigera can persist. However, the consequences of the simultaneous and/or alternating presence of host plants for H. armigera populations through generations are unknown. In this study, we simulated, in the laboratory, hypothetical situations for the availability of soybean and cotton crops in the landscape. We evaluated the effects of: (1) the number of generations during which a population feeds on a host-plant species; (2) the succession of host-plant species on which populations have fed for two generations; and (3) the parental host plant on the fitness of H. armigera populations. Only the current host plant on which larvae fed affected the performance of the H. armigera populations. Decrease of mortality rates during the immature period was slowed when the larvae fed on soybean. The lowest value of reproductive potential (R 0) was found for individuals originating from mating between females and males reared in cotton. Our results indicated that pest-management and biological-control plans for H. armigera should be developed on a regional scale rather than for just a specific crop area. 相似文献
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98.
Xu Jun-liang Ma Lv-yi 《中国林学(英文版)》2007,9(4):251-255
In order to explore the relationship between the time processes of solar radiation and sap flow, sap flow velocity (SFV) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, effective solar radiation (ESR) and other environmental factors were synchronously monitored for one year in the Beijing Western Mountains by using a thermal dissipation probe (TDP) system and an automatic weather station. Results showed significant differences between changes in diurnal characteristics of ESR and sap flow in sunny days during three seasons. Starting times of sap flow occurred generally 1.5–3 hours later than those of solar radiation and there were small differences between Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. But peak times and stopping times of sap flow varied con-siderably with large contrasts in ESR. The duration of sap flow showed clear differences among the seasons owing to the variable rhythms of climate factors in Beijing. Fluctuation amplitude in the duration of sap flow remained relatively stable during the autumn but changed greatly during spring and summer. Changes in diurnal sap flow velocity of both Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabu-laeformis were about 0–3 hours later than those of ESR but with the same configuration. The start of sap flow was mainly induced by the sudden intensification of ESR (sunrise effect). Seasonal models of SFV indicated that a cubic equation had the best fit. It was more practical to simulate seasonal water consumption models of trees with ESR. In further investigations, these models should be optimized. 相似文献
99.
氧化还原条件下红壤磷吸附与解吸特性及需磷量探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了5个酸性红壤由氧化条件转为还原条件的P吸附和解吸特性,以及确定供试红壤作为水田或旱地相应的施P量。结果表明:5个土样P吸附量随P液浓度的增加而增加,土壤对P的吸附曲线均可用Langmuir方程拟合,氧化条件下P最大吸附量变化范围为794.22~956.75mg/kg,还原条件下P最大吸附量变化范围为867.31~1195.62mg/kg。P解吸量随P吸附量的增加而增加,P解吸率的结果表明,淹水不同程度地降低土壤P解吸量。以Langmuir方程计算土壤溶液中P浓度在0.2mg/kg时的土壤需P量作为施P量的依据,淹水后土壤标准需P量增加。 相似文献
100.
以土地属性差异性、空间关联性为约束开展城市土地利用空间集聚分析,将能更好地揭示城市土地利用的属性相似、空间邻近特征,为土地优化利用提供支持.以模糊综合评判法为理论基础,以ArcGIS9.0软件、SPSS10.0软件为技术手段,以武汉市汉口中心城区数据为实例,首先利用ArcGIS软件空间分析功能将研究区进行规则格网空间划分;其次利用模糊综合评判法对样点数据指标属性值进行聚类,并利用SPSS软件采用最短距离法获得聚类等级;然后利用ArcGIS空间数据融合技术将具有相同聚类等级的空间格网进行合并,进而得到研究区土地利用空间集聚分布图. 相似文献