Responses of native legume desert trees used for reforestation in the Sonoran Desert to plant growth-promoting microorganisms in screen house

Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation. Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions.     

2006年上海市青浦区稻褐飞虱发生特点及防除策略

从虫情监测与发生特点、科学分析和制定防治策略、科学确定和调整防治适期、合理配药和统防保证防效等技术角度系统地总结了青浦区2006年有效控制水稻褐飞虱大暴发的经验,以期为今后褐飞虱的防治提供借鉴。     

低温胁迫对草莓叶片SOD和AsA-GSH循环酶系统的影响

以草莓试管苗为试材,研究低温胁迫对草莓离体叶片抗坏血酸、脱氢抗坏血酸含量和SOD以及抗坏血酸 -谷胱甘肽（AsA-GSH）循环中4种酶活性的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫导致超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶活性上升,脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性下降;同时使还原态抗坏血酸含量下降而脱氢抗坏血酸含量上升。随着低温处理时间延长,过多活性氧不能被防御体系有效清除,植物受到伤害。试验结果还表明,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶具有较强的氧化还原抗坏血酸的能力,单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶是AsA-GSH循环再生抗坏血酸的主要酶。     

Comparing apparent electrical conductivity measurements on a paddy field under flooded and drained conditions

Every growing season, paddy fields are kept both flooded and drained for a significant period of time. As a consequence, these soils develop distinct physico-chemical characteristics. For practical reasons, these soils are mostly sampled under dry conditions, but the question arises how representative the results are for the wet growing conditions. Therefore, the apparent electrical conductivity (EC_a) of a 1.4 ha alluvial paddy field located in the Brahmaputra floodplain of Bangladesh was measured in both dry and wet conditions by a sensing system using the electromagnetic induction sensor EM38, which does not require physical contact with the soil, and compared both surveys. Due to the smooth water surface under wet conditions which ensured increased stability of the sensing platform, the results of the survey showed considerably reduced micro-scale variability of EC_a. Furthermore, the wet survey results more reliably furnished soil-related information mainly due to the absence of soil moisture dynamics. The differences between EC_a under wet and dry conditions were attributed to differences in soil texture, mainly the sand content variation having considerable effect on soil moisture differences when flooded following drainage. Accordingly, the largest differences between EC_a under wet and dry conditions were found in those parts of the field with a large sand content. Hence, the conclusion was that an EC_a survey on flooded fields has an added value to precision soil management.     

某羊场和田羊与策勒黑羊无浆体季节性感染PCR检测

为了解和田羊和策勒黑羊无浆体季节动态感染情况,分别于2015年冬至、2016年春分、夏至和秋分,在策勒县某牧业合作社采集和田羊和策勒黑羊血液样本共120份,应用PCR对无浆体的MSP4基因和16SrRNA基因进行扩增。结果发现,检测绵羊的无浆体总阳性率为99.2%(119/120),以绵羊无浆体(Anaplasma ovis)和嗜吞噬无浆体(A.phagocytophilum)混合感染为主,占阳性样本比例为61.3%(73/119),A.ovis和A.phagocytophilum占阳性样本比例分别为31.1%(37/119)和7.6%(9/119)。在不同季节,和田羊和策勒黑羊无浆体均普遍感染,差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果显示,新疆策勒县某羊场绵羊的无浆体病全年均可流行,应引起人们重视。     

四川小麦地方品种和主栽品种SSR多态性比较研究

利用 2 4个SSR标记对 8份四川小麦地方品种和 8份主栽品种的遗传多样性进行比较研究。结果表明 ,在 2 4个SSR标记位点上共检测到 75个等位变异 ,每一位点检测到的等位变异数目为 1到 6个 ,平均 3 1个 ;其中 2 1个SSR位点 (87 5 % )能够揭示材料间的多态性。根据SSR标记数据计算四川小麦品种间的遗传相似系数 ,其变化范围为 0 5 44到 0 892 ,平均值为 0 6 99。从群体间的遗传相似系数来看 ,四川小麦地方品种群体内的遗传多样性较低 ,而主栽小麦品种群体内的遗传多样性相对较高。从UPGMA聚类关系来看 ,四川小麦地方品种间的亲缘关系较近 ,首先聚在一起 ;其中“中国春”与“成都光头”间的亲缘关系最近 ,进一步证实“中国春”是“成都光头”的一个选系     

观赏竹的园林应用、分类及评价分析

分析了观赏竹园林绿化上的应用 ,根据观赏竹的外形特征进行了特色分类以及特色评价与分析 ,为今后进一步开发利用观赏竹提供理论与实践的资料 .     

不同贮藏技术对板栗品质的影响

研究了不同贮藏方法对板栗贮藏过程中"石灰化"、水分、糖分的影响.结果表明,板栗室温散装贮藏"石灰化"发生率最高,其次是室温密装贮藏,而冷藏能大大降低板栗"石灰化"的发生.室温散装贮藏的板栗水分损失很快,含量明显低于室温密装和冷藏,而可溶性淀粉和蔗糖含量增加很快,明显高于室温密装和冷藏;室温散装和密装贮藏板栗的还原糖含量缓慢下降,而冷藏板栗却迅速增加.     

液态地膜覆盖下种植方式对土壤水分和玉米生长的影响

于2013—2014年间采用大田试验方法,探讨了平地无覆盖种植(CK)、平地全液态地膜覆盖种植(YM1)、垄覆液态地膜沟种植(YM2)及连垄全液态地膜覆盖种植(YM3)4种种植方式对土壤水分变化和夏玉米产量的影响。结果表明,不同覆盖种植方式下,2 a土壤储水量变化趋势基本一致,随着播种后天数的增加呈现先升高再降低,再升高再降低的波浪起伏状态;前期降水16.1 mm后,YM1、YM2、YM3处理雨后土壤储水量分别比CK对照高出1.23%、4.29%、4.79%,且差异显著(P0.05),后期雨后储水量均与CK无显著差异;对土壤0~200 cm总储水量和耗水量研究发现,YM1、YM2、YM3处理收获后2 a平均储水量分别较CK增加了2.74%、2.87%、9.79%,2 a平均耗水量均比CK对照减少了1.26%、2.03%、8.17%,其中覆盖YM3处理与CK对照差异显著(P0.05)。与CK对照相比,覆盖YM1、YM2和YM3处理2 a平均增产1.88%、11.32%、21.96%,2 a平均水分利用效率较CK对照提高3.17%、13.51%、32.67%,其中,覆盖处理YM3增产保水效果显著(P0.05),处理YM1与CK无显著差异。研究认为,液态地膜与连垄全覆盖种植方式结合(YM3)更有利于发挥液态地膜的效果,促进产量的增加和水分利用效率的提高。     

基于稳健统计学确定高潜在污染土壤Cu、Pb基线值

土壤重金属基线值的确定对于评价重金属积累现状具有重要意义。在存在人为污染的情况下,土壤重金属数据经常强烈地偏离正态分布和对数正态分布,影响统计分析结果的可信度,而稳健统计方法可以降低离群值对统计分析结果的影响。本研究以张家港为研究区域,采用稳健回归方法,建立表层和底层土壤Cu、Pb的回归关系,通过底层土壤Cu、Pb含量计算表层土壤Cu、Pb基线值,并对土壤Cu、Pb积累状况进行评价。结果表明,稳健回归方法确定的表层土壤Cu、Pb基线值可以反映出不同样点间,土壤Cu、Pb背景含量的自然变异。与稳健统计学方法相比,使用国家土壤环境质量标准值,或大区域（江苏省）的土壤背景值,评价自然背景本身存在变异区域的土壤重金属积累状况时,可能会产生较大的误差。