基于网络RTK的离心式无人机变量施药可行性初探

针对植保无人机施药准确性和作业效率需求的提高,验证网络实时动态(Real-Time Kinematic,RTK)载波差分技术在无人机施药上的可行性,设计了一种基于网络RTK的离心式变量施药系统.采用STM32F103为控制核心,通过串口获取GPS定位信息,并连接DTU模块实现网络RTK技术,通过脉冲宽度调制(Pulse...     

Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on root-hair growth and hormone levels of taproot and lateral roots in trifoliate orange under drought stress

A pot experiment was used to evaluate the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae on plant growth performance, root-hair growth, and root hormone levels in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings under well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS). A 9-week mild DS treatment significantly reduced mycorrhizal colonization of 2nd- and 3rd-order lateral roots. Root mycorrhizal colonization was relatively higher in the 2nd- and 3rd-order lateral roots than in the taproot and the 1st-order lateral root under WW and DS. AMF seedlings exhibited significantly higher root-hair density, length (except for the taproot) and diameter in taproot and 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-order lateral roots under WW, and considerably higher root-hair density (except for 1st-order lateral root), length (except for 2nd-order lateral root) and diameter under DS. Mycorrhizal inoculation remarkably increased root abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), methyl jasmonate, and brassinosteroids (BRs) concentrations under DS, in company with the decrease in root zeatin riboside and gibberellins levels and root IAA effluxes. Root-hair traits were significantly positively correlated with root colonization and root ABA and BRs levels. It is concluded that mycorrhizal plants possessed better root-hair growth to adapt mild DS, which is associated with mycorrhizal colonization and endogenous hormone changes.     

Transport and adsorption of antibiotics by marine sediments in a dynamic environment

Background, aim, and scope  Bed sediments are the major sink for many contaminants in aquatic environments. With increasing knowledge of and research on the environmental occurrence of antibiotics, there has been growing interest in their behaviour and fate in aquatic environments. However, there is little information about the behaviour of antibiotics in a dynamic water/sediment environment, such as river and coastal marine water. Therefore, the aims of the present study were: (1) to study the transport and distribution of four common antibiotics between water and sediment in both dynamic and quiescent water/sediment systems and (2) to understand the persistence and possible degradation of the four antibiotics in the two different systems. Materials and methods  A lid-driven elongated annular flume, designed to reduce the centrifugal effect, was used to simulate a dynamic water environment. In addition, a quiescent water/sediment experiment was conducted for comparison with the dynamic water system. The seawater and sediment, used in both experiments of flowing and quiescent water/sediment systems, were collected from Victoria Harbour, a dynamic coastal environment in an urban setting. The four antibiotics selected in this study were ofloxacin (OFL), roxithromycin (RTM), erythromycin (ETM), and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), the most commonly used antibiotics in South China. Results and discussion  Antibiotics in an overlying solution decreased very quickly in the flume system due to the sorption to suspended particles and surface sediment. There were significant differences in the adsorption of the four antibiotics in sediment. OFL showed a high tendency to be adsorbed by sediment with a high K _d value (2980 L/Kg), while the low K _d values of SMZ indicated that there was a large quantity in water. The four antibiotics reached a depth of 20–30 mm in the sediment over a period of 60 days in the flume system. However, the compounds were only found in surface sediment (above 10 mm) in the quiescent system, indicating the influence of the dynamic flume system on the distribution of antibiotics in sediment. OFL showed a moderate persistence in the dynamic flume system, while other three antibiotics had less persistence in sediment. However, all of the four compounds showed moderate persistence in the quiescent system. Recommendations and perspectives  The study showed the rapid diffusive transfer of antibiotics from water to sediment in the dynamic flume system. The four antibiotics exhibited larger differences in their adsorption to sediment in both dynamic and quiescent systems due to their different K _d values. The high sorption of antibiotics to marine sediment may reduce their availability to benthic invertebrates.     

滴灌模式对农田土壤水氮空间分布及冬小麦产量的影响

大田作物最优滴灌模式的研究是滴灌技术深入推广应用过程中的重要研究内容,通过田间试验,选取地表滴灌和地下滴灌两种滴灌类型,研究其在4种不同灌溉制度下农田水、氮空间分布规律以及冬小麦产量的差异。试验结果表明,在土壤水分控制范围相同时,不同滴灌类型下冬小麦生育期内所需的灌水总量和灌水频率不存在显著差异;在施肥量和灌水定额基本相同时,地下滴灌较地表滴灌促使硝态氮向深层土壤运移的几率更大。但总体而言,不同滴灌类型相同灌溉制度下,硝态氮运移规律基本相似;同种滴灌类型不同滴灌制度下的各处理冬小麦产量存在显著差异。而且,在充分灌时,不同滴灌模式下的冬小麦产量差异性不显著;非充分灌时,滴灌模式对冬小麦产量存在显著影响。     

福建省牡蛎食用中感染副溶血性弧菌的风险评估

目前,世界上由食源性微生物引发的疾病日益严重,联合国粮农组织认为,非常有必要把对水产品中食源性微生物引发的疾病的风险评估,介绍给世界各国,尤其是一些发展中国家,本文通过运用微生物风险评估的方法,对福建省生牡蛎食用中感染副溶血性弧菌进行了风险评估。副溶血性弧菌是革兰氏阴性细菌,与胃肠炎病有关,它主要在近     

蚜灰蝶及其他3种捕食性天敌对竹蚜的控制作用

在我国,竹类是一类广为栽植的经济林和用材林树种,同时也发展成为城市园林重要的观赏植物,而竹蚜是竹林的一类重要害虫,常造成竹林生长衰退,进而引发的竹林霉污病可进一步加剧竹林残败,并降低城市园林竹类的观赏价值。据安徽皖东竹林     

基于线粒体RNAs序列分析雁形目家禽的分歧时间

雁形目鸟类具有重要的社会经济意义和科学研究价值,部分种类已被驯化成为重要的家禽,然而雁形目内部物种之间的关系仍存在许多争议。本研究利用线粒体RNAs序列标定雁形目部分鸟类的分歧时间,旨在进一步查明该类群系统进化关系。首先, 采用酚仿法分别从太湖鹅和朗徳鹅血液中提取基因组DNA,PCR 扩增获得线粒体RNAs基因序列。 然后,从GenBank 中提取10 种鸟类线粒体DNA的同源序列,以鸵鸟为外群,采用贝叶斯法结合RNA结构信息重建系统发生关系;最后,以黑雁属与雁属的分歧时间为锚定点,利用r8s软件分析了雁形目物种间的分歧时间。 结果表明,中国鹅与欧洲鹅的分歧时间为0.61百万年,番鸭与家鸭的分歧时间为15.5百万年。依据家鹅祖先分歧时间,联系当时发生的地学事件,作者认为家鹅祖先物种分化与更新世冰川运动有关。研究结果有助于我国水禽遗传资源的保护与利用。     

不同育苗基质对黄瓜生长及丛枝菌根真菌侵染的影响

为探讨丛枝菌根真菌在蔬菜育苗上应用的可能性,以黄瓜为供试作物进行适用育苗基质的筛选,研究其对菌根真菌侵染和作物苗期生长的影响。试验以Glomus etunicatum、Glomus intraradics、Glomu mosseae为供试菌根真菌,采用4种基质配方：分别是陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石（4:3:3）、(陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石)+草炭=9:1、(陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石)+保水剂（9:1）、蛭石+保水剂（1:1）。结果表明：接种3种菌剂后,蛭石+保水剂处理侵染率显著最低在10%以下,其余3种基质处理侵染率均高于22.61%,尤其是接种G.intraradics后黄瓜幼苗根系侵染率最低为87%。黄瓜幼苗在(陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石)+草炭处理中壮苗指数显著高于其余3种基质处理;(陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石)+草炭既获得了较高的丛枝菌根真菌侵染率又提高了幼苗壮苗指数,为菌根化苗培育的理想基质。     

冰雪灾害后的粤北森林大型土壤动物功能类群

对冰雪灾害后粤北地区的森林大型土壤动物功能群和生态特性进行初步调查,将研究区的大型土壤动物划分为腐食性、植食性和捕食性动物3个功能类群,其中腐食性动物的生物量占比例最大,而植食性动物的数量占优势,捕食性动物两者所占比例较小.土壤动物生物量最大的类群以寡毛纲蚯蚓为主,各样地土壤动物在土层中的垂直分布表现出明显表聚性特点,3个样地大型土壤动物群落DG指数由高到低依次为:中亚热带针阔混交林>中亚热带常绿阔叶林>常绿与落叶阔叶混交林;多样性指数(H)排序为中亚热带>常绿阔叶林常绿与落叶阔叶混交林>中亚热带针阔混交林;均匀度指数(E)为常绿与落叶混交林>中亚热带常绿阔叶林>中亚热带针阔混交林;Simpson优势度指数(C)由高到低依次为常绿与落叶混交林>中亚热带针阔混交林>中亚热带常绿阔叶林.不同采样深度对大型土壤动物生态指数和功能类群的影响均为显著(P<0.01).凋落物现存量与大型土壤动物群落生物量显著相关(P<0.05).     

电动助力转向系统转向性能的客观评价

针对电动助力转向的结构特点，分析了电动助力转向对汽车转向性能的影响，提出从转向轻便性、转向回正性、转向盘中间位置区域性能、转向盘振动、随动灵敏度和助力特性等方面进行电动助力转向系统转向性能的客观评价，并探讨了相应的评价指标，对电动助力转向助力控制规律、基本设计参数以及相关试验标准的确定有指导意义。