有机硒对种公牛精子活力、免疫力和血液生化指标的影响

试验选用5头成年种公牛作试验牛,采用分期试验,试验前期饲喂基础日粮,试验中期和后期添加一定量的有机硒,试验期采集种公牛的精液进行精子活力的检测,并分别采取血样进行血常规检测和免疫球蛋白G（IgG）的测定.试验结果表明：在种公牛日粮中添加一定量的有机硒能显著提高种公牛的精子活力和免疫力（P〈0.05）,但对血常规主要指标无显著的影响。     

对耕地保护的认识和思考

耕地保护的落实关系到我国的粮食安全,经济安全,生态安全。为了能够对耕地保护有一个更好的认识,文章从耕地保护的提出、目标、意义、主体、策略等方面来再次的认识耕地保护,耕地保护需要政府、农民以及其他非耕地使用者的共同参与,并提出了进一步建立和完善耕地保护的经济补偿机制,充分调动农民对保护耕地的积极性,明确耕地产权的耕地保护策略。     

Expression and Bioinformatic Analysis of ADIPOQ Gene in Hanper Sheep

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and biological characteristics of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene in longissimus dorsi muscle of Hanper sheep at different months of age.The ADIPOQ gene mRNA expression was detected in longissimus dorsi muscle of Hanper sheep at 3 different growth periods (1,7 and 13 months old) by Real-time quantitative PCR.The bioinformatics method was used to analyze the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of ADIPOQ gene,protein characteristics and network interaction protein.The results showed that ADIPOQ gene was expressed in longissimus dorsi muscle of Hanper sheep,which showed an increasing trend with the growth of the months age without significant difference (P>0.05).There was higher homology of ADIPOQ gene with Capra hircus (98.60%,99.00%) and Bos taurus (98.60%,87.00%) in nucleotide and amino acid sequences.The results of physical and chemical properties analysis showed that the molecular formula of ADIPOQ protein was C₁₁₇₂H₁₇₇₆N₃₁₄O₃₄₉S₅,the molecular mass was 26.00 ku,and the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) was 5.88,which suggested that the protein was acidic.The average value of ADIPOQ hydrophilic protein (GRAVY) was －0.403,which indicated that the protein was hydrophilic and didn’t belong to transmembrane protein.In addition,the signal peptide sequence was Met¹-Ala¹⁷,and the cleavage site was between Ala¹⁷ and Arg¹⁸.ADIPOQ existed collagen structure domain and C1Q conserved structure domain at position 45－101 and 101－237,respectively.The secondary structure mainly composed of random coil (66.95%).The construction of protein interaction network indicated that ADIPOQ might interact with ADIPOR1,ADIPOR2,CDH13 and LEP.The results provided a theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular biological functions of ADIPOQ gene in the process of muscle development in Hanper sheep.     

鹿源狂犬病野毒8202株基因型的研究

为了从基因水平确定鹿源狂犬病野毒8202株与其它狂犬病病毒的进化关系,应用RT-半嵌套式PCR技术,利用3条引物对病毒的核蛋白基因进行扩增、克隆及序列测定,并与已发表的狂犬病病毒株3aG、PV、CVS、HEP-Flury、RC-HL、Nishigahara、SADB19的核蛋白基因进行了比较分析。结果表明,8202株与其它7个病毒株均来源于同一个进化枝,属于基因Ⅰ型。     

体外培育抗苏拉灭伊氏锥虫克隆

将３个苏拉灭敏感的伊氏锥虫原种的克隆连续培养于改良Ｂａｌｔｚ无细胞培养系统中，通过逐步提高培养基中苏拉灭的含量，培育了３个抗苏拉灭的伊氏锥虫克隆─ＪＧｃ１－１６０、ＪＸ－１ｃ１－１６０和ＺＪｃ１－１４０。它们体外药敏试验的ＩＣ５０依次为３５８．５、４１２．３和２４６．４μｇ／ｍＬ，是各自亲本克隆的１２９２．５、１８７４．１和１７６０．ｏ倍；小鼠治疗试验的ＣＤ１００，对免疫功能正常小鼠依次为８０、１２０和３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，为各自亲本克隆的５．３、８．０和３．０倍，对免疫抑制小鼠为２５０、３００和１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，分别是相应免疫正常小鼠的３．１、２．５和３．３倍。试验结果表明，抗锥虫药治疗剂量不足和宿主免疫功能不全是导致产生抗药虫株的重要因素，各自既可单独发挥作用，又可相互协同。本文报道了体外培育伊氏锥虫抗药虫株的方法，这一方法对研究锥虫抗药性具有重要作用。     

绵羊宿营法清除天然植被对土壤和植物的影响

研究绵羊宿营法通过践踏和粪尿对土壤和对天然植被和人工草地的影响。结果表明,绵羊啃食和践踏对植被地上部分损坏严重,8羊夜后草本植物被全部清除,但对土壤容重、紧实度和通气性无显著影响。新鲜粪尿入土后,氨态氮和亚硝态氮浓度迅速上升(最高值分别达377mg·kg^-1和56.1mg·kg^-1),对植物产生毒害作用。单纯尿处理土壤氨态氮和亚硝态氮浓度分别达139mg·kg^-1和28.1mg·kg^-1,显著高于单一粪处理和对照。无毛丑柳叶片粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照(P<0.01)。调查结果表明,羊奶果和黄花香发芽枝条数在试验前后变化不大,但宿营后的无毛丑柳枝条数显著少于处理前。宿营处理的产草量明显高于践踏处理。     

豌豆蚜生物生态学特性

豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)是许多豆科作物及牧草的重要害虫,不但直接取食寄主植物,造成严重的经济损失,而且还会传播多种植物病毒。豌豆蚜作为生态学研究的模式昆虫,具有复杂的生活周期、多样的生殖方式、表型可塑性以及与细菌复杂的共生关系等诸多特点,已成为众多科学家感兴趣的研究对象。本文全面总结了豌豆蚜生物生态学特性的研究成果,重点综述了豌豆蚜的多型现象和内共生菌研究的最新进展,提出研究豌豆蚜在全球气候和作物种植结构变化下生物生态学特性演变规律的必要性,加强其生态适应性及多型现象等遗传机制研究,以期为建立该虫的可持续防控技术体系提供依据。     

自贸区动植检快筛实验室建设要素分析

基于前海蛇口自贸区动植物检疫工作的现状和需求,对自贸区动植检快筛实验室的建设要素进行了分析和探讨,提出了以快筛快检、生物安全监测和技术交流平台为主要功能,建立自贸区动植检快筛实验室,并在实验室的建立标准、质量控制和生物安全等方面提出了初步建议,以期为自贸区动植检快筛实验室的建设提供借鉴。     

中国乳企境外发展战略及对策研究

境外发展已经成为中国乳企提升竞争力的必然趋势和重要动力。在稳定奶源、优化升级与品牌开拓三阶段战略定位指引下,中国乳企主要通过收购、合资、独资以及战略合作四大模式实施境外发展,目前中国乳企境外发展主要受到融资、竞争力不足与政策风险、经营管理风险、国际型人才匮乏等方面的制约,本文从企业和政府2个视角提出了促进中国乳企境外发展的对策建议。     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.