水飞蓟田间除草剂筛选试验

为了明确几种除草剂对水飞蓟的安全性及对水飞蓟田杂草的防除效果,通过田间小区试验对水飞蓟田播后苗前除草剂进行筛选。结果表明:精异丙甲草胺96%悬浮剂720～1 008g(a.i.)/hm2、仲丁灵48%悬浮剂720～1 440g(a.i.)/hm2和二甲戊乐灵33%悬浮剂495～990g(a.i.)/hm2对水飞蓟安全且除草效果良好。     

卤虫去壳卵在河蟹育苗中应用的研究

本文比较了卤虫去壳卵、无节幼体和人工合成饵料在河蟹育苗中■Ⅲ～■Ⅴ期的饵料效果,探讨了卤虫去壳卵替代无节幼体在河蟹育苗中应用的可能性。     

钴—60辐照对石花菜琼胶质量影响

用钴—60辐照处理琼胶成品和干制石花菜。经钴—60辐照的琼胶成品,其凝胶强度均有所下降,其下降率与辐照剂量大小呈正比。石花菜经钴—60辐照后,可使琼胶提取率提高,但过高的辐照剂量,也同时会降低所制取琼胶的凝胶强度。通过适宜剂量的钴60—辐照处理干制石花菜,可提高琼胶提取率3％～5％,且制取的琼胶凝胶强度不受辐照的影响。     

高寒鲤染色体核型分析

采用植物血球凝集素（ＰＨＡ）体内注射,肾组织细胞短期培养,常规空气干燥法制备了高寒鲤染色体,核型分析结果是：高寒鲤染色体的核型公式为２ｎ＝１００＝２８ｍ＋２８ｓｍ＋４４ｓｔｔ,染色体臂数ＮＦ＝１５６。     

不同保活方法对菲律宾蛤仔保活效果的研究

采用低温、真空、麻醉３种方法对菲律宾蛤仔（下称蛤仔）的保活效果进行了探讨。结果表明，温度是蛤仔保活的重要条件；低温法优于真空和麻醉法；乙醇、盐酸氯丙嗪均对蛤仔有促死作用。     

添加微生态制剂及投饲模式对幼刺参生长的影响

水温12～18℃,将体质量(3.37±0.15)g的仿刺参幼参饲养在容水50 L的塑料槽中,研究添加微生态制剂的饲料及不同日投喂量对幼刺参生长及养殖水质指标的影响.采用以3d日投喂量相同(1∶1∶1)及3d日投喂量不同(5∶3∶2)的投饲方式,微生态制剂饲料在基础饲料的基础上加入4.5ml有益复合微生物菌群与芽孢杆菌混合液,并于30℃水浴中预处理12 h以上而制成.60 d的试验结果表明,以投喂微生态制剂饲料组的氨氮、亚硝酸氮、化学需氧量明显低于基础饲料组;以5∶3∶2方式投喂微生态制剂饲料组的刺参质量增加率、日质量增加和特定生长率明显高于1∶1∶1方式和基础饲料组(P＜0.05);以5∶3∶2方式投喂微生态制剂饲料组的饲料表观消化率、耗氧率和排氨率较高.     

动物携带河豚毒素的分子机制与生态作用

河豚毒素在自然界中分布广泛,从微生物到植物、动物都有发现.除河豚外,河豚毒素还在节肢动物、棘皮动物、软体动物、蠕虫、蝾螈、青蛙等其他物种中都有不同含量的分布.不同动物产生、富集河豚毒素的机制可能存在很大差别,但是河豚毒素对其携带动物在自然选择进化中发挥着重大的作用.目前中国对河豚毒素的研究主要集中在河豚毒素的分离纯化、检测分析及抗体制备等方面,而对河豚毒素产生的分子机制及生态作用的研究还很少,文章通过综述国外对河豚毒素分子机制及生态作用的研究,进一步阐释动物携带河豚毒素的分子机制及河豚毒素对动物的重要生态作用.     

Evaluation of pea proteins and poultry protein as fish meal alternatives in the diets for juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii

The potential of three different protein resources (pea protein isolate, PPI; pea protein concentrate, PPC; enzyme treated poultry protein, ETPP) as fish meal (FM) alternative protein in diets for juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. (initial average weight 7.90 ± 0.13 g) was evaluated. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace FM at 0% (T0, control diet), 8% (designated as T1‐T3) and 16% (designated as T4‐T6) using PPI, PPC and ETPP respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, survival rate was not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Growth performance in T6 (16% ETPP) group was significantly inferior to T0 group, however, weight gain and specific growth rate in other treatments showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Mean feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also poorer in fish fed in T6 than those of fish fed with the control diet respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein for fish fed ETPP diets were significant lower than those of fish fed with the control diet, whereas ADCs of lipid were unaffected by dietary treatments. ADC's of dietary Leu, Ile, His and Lys was also significantly influenced. There were no marked variations in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle. With regard to plasma characteristics, significant difference was observed in triacylglycerol content. Ammonia concentration in plasma tended to increase in alternative protein diets as substitution level increased. There were significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase activities among groups, but alanine aminotransferase levels were unaffected by treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPI and PPC were potential protein sources for using in juvenile black sea bream diet. However, the substitution level of FM by ETPP should be limited within 16%.     

超临界萃取技术在海洋水产的应用研究进展

超临界萃取技术作为一种新型“绿色”提取分离技术,具有分离效率高、溶解能力强、保持产品生物活性、提高产品提取率和纯度、操作简单等优点.本文介绍了超临界萃取技术的基本原理及特点,综述了该技术在海洋水产生物活性成分提取方面的研究现状,并展望了其在该领域的应用前景.