不同栽培模式对恩施山地特色烤烟生长和干物质积累的影响

恩施山地是中国中间香型特色优质烟叶生产的适宜地区之一。探讨中间香型烟叶不同栽培因子的最佳组合模式对恩施山地烟农增产增收具有十分重要的意义。为此,比较分析了5种栽培模式下烟叶生长发育和干物质积累的动态变化规律。结果表明,5种栽培模式的根、茎秆和烟叶的干物质积累呈现“慢-快-慢”的模式。根、茎和叶器官干物质积累速率高峰期在移栽后60~75天左右, 干物质积累均符合二次多项式回归方程。干物质积累速率的大小为：叶片>茎>根。通径分析表明,最大叶面积对烟叶干物质积累的直接正作用最大,直接通径系数为2.152,茎杆干重对烟叶干物质积累起最大的负作用,其直接通径系数为-1.248。烤烟上等烟叶率与淀粉、还原糖与烟碱的直接通径系数分别为1.22、-0.369和0.145。还原糖通过淀粉和烟碱对烤烟上等烟叶率起的正作用为0.692。因此,通过改进栽培措施,增加茎秆和叶生长,降低根冠比,可以促进叶片干物质的积累。通过增加还原糖的含量,降低淀粉和烟碱的含量,可以提高烟叶的上中等烟率。烤烟经济性状和化学成分聚类分析表明,N4是适宜湖北恩施山地中间香型特色优质烟叶生产的最佳栽培模式,它在当地烤烟生长中具有广泛的应用前景。     

冬季喷施多效唑对荔枝叶片叶绿素荧光特征的影响

为弄清多效唑(PP333)对荔枝叶片光合能力的影响,于2011年12月对‘妃子笑,荔枝整株喷施PP333(500 mg/L),研究其对叶片叶绿素指数和叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响.结果表明:喷施PP333可显著增加荔枝叶片的SPAD值,且使Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、Fv′/Fm′、ΦPSⅡ、ETR、PCR等叶绿素荧光参数有所增加,而NPQ则降低;从光响应曲线可以看出,Fv′/Fm′、ΦPSⅡ和qP随光化光强度的增加呈下降趋势,而NPQ、PCR和ETR随光化光强度增加而增加;从PSⅡ反应中心能量分配比率上看,PP333处理后P、E增加,D减小,更有利于能量进入PSⅡ反应中心,促进光化学效率提高;PP333处理可以增加PSⅡ反应中心的开放比例,推动光合电子传递,提高荔枝叶片的光合性能.     

生态补偿实现机理探讨

生态补偿是促进生态环境保护的一种经济激励手段。在对多元化的生态补偿概念进行阐述的基础上,结合生态补偿产生的经济学原理,给出影响生态补偿实现机理的相关性分析。结合因子间的相互联系,论述生态补偿实现形式多样化的原因。结合制度理论相关知识,对生态补偿实现机理进行深层次阐述。在对生态补偿政策方针指标适用维度进行分析的基础上,给出推荐的生态补偿政策方针。探讨性给出生态补偿实现框架,并针对实施层面可能出现的问题,给出进一步的完善策略。     

探析城市园林绿化功能与园林资源化再利用

解析了城市园林绿化的功效,包括园林绿化对城市环境的影响、园林绿化在城市景观中的作用等。认真处理园林绿化资源化及利用产业发展中存在的问题,及其之间的关系并寻找解决途径。     

加强修缮购置专项资金预算执行管理的几点思考

加强财政专项资金的预算执行管理,是当前财政专项资金管理工作的重要部分,也是提高财政专项资金使用效益的关键点之一。如何切实加强预算执行管理,提高预算执行进度,是一个值得深入探讨研究的问题。该文以修缮购置专项资金为例,通过对专项资金预算执行的过程梳理,分析了影响预算执行进度的关键因素,并提出了加强预算执行管理的建议。     

3种无核荔枝果实发育过程中内源激素含量变化动态

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定3个无核荔枝品种果实发育过程中生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZT)和脱落酸(ABA)等内源激素含量的变化,通过与有核荔枝对比分析,阐明无核荔枝果实发育过程中内源激素的变化规律,并进一步探讨荔枝无核但能发育成大果的原因。结果表明:在果实发育过程中,有核荔枝和无核荔枝果实中GA3和ABA的变化规律基本一致,IAA和ZT表现差异较大,初步认为无核荔枝和有核荔枝果实发育可能有两种不同的激素调控模式,或者果实发育与GA3和ABA关系更为密切;无核荔枝果实中高含量的IAA和低含量的ZT可能是其产生无核的一个重要原因。     

Immune responses elicited in mice with recombinant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactococcus lactis</Emphasis> expressing F4 fimbrial adhesin FaeG by oral immunization

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major pathogenic agent causing piglet diarrhea. The major subunit and adhesin FaeG of F4⁺ ETEC is an important virulence factor with strong immunogenicity. To determine whether Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) could effectively deliver FaeG to the mucosal immune system, recombinant L. lactis expressing FaeG was constructed, and immune responses in mice following oral route delivery of recombinant L. lactis were explored. The production of FaeG expressed in L. lactis was up to approximately 10% of soluble whole-cell proteins, and recombinant FaeG (rFaeG) possessed good immunoreactivity by Western blot analysis. Oral immunization with recombinant L. lactis expressing FaeG induced F4-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses in the mice. In addition, high dose recombinant L. lactis or co-administration of high dose recombinant L. lactis with CTB enhanced the immune responses. These results suggested that L. lactis expressing FaeG was a promising candidate vaccine against ETEC.     

肉桂油/海藻酸钠薄膜物理特性和抗菌性能分析

为了研究开发新型可降解抗菌包装材料,该文以添加不同体积肉桂油到海藻酸钠膜液中制成的肉桂油/海藻酸钠抗菌薄膜为研究对象,比较分析肉桂油添加量对肉桂油/海藻酸钠薄膜厚度、透光率、色泽和水蒸气透过率等物理特性的影响,同时,考察其对薄膜的抗菌性能的影响。膜液中肉桂油体积分数在0～1.0%时,薄膜厚度无明显变化,体积分数为1.2%时,薄膜厚度显著增加。随着肉桂油体积分数的增加,薄膜的透光率显著降低,薄膜水蒸气透过系数增大。肉桂油对薄膜色泽影响显著,随着肉桂油添加量的增加,薄膜色泽值a和b呈显著增加趋势。膜液中肉桂油体积分数为0.8%时,薄膜抗菌能力显著增强。研究结果表明,当膜液中肉桂油体积分数为0.8%时,薄膜具有较好的抗菌效果和物理性能。该研究可为肉桂油/海藻酸钠可降解抗菌薄膜生产工艺参数的进一步优化提供参考。     

Soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in a reclaimed coastal soil chronosequence under rice–barley cropping

Purpose

A field experiment with a reclamation chronosequence under rice?Cbarley cropping was conducted to investigate soil enzyme activities and microbiology in a coastal saline soil. The aim of this study was to test whether changes in enzyme activity and microbial community structure are directly impacted by changes in soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and organic carbon (SOC) due to reclamation.

Materials and methods

The research area is located in south-eastern China. Four experimental sites were reclaimed in 1976, 1984, 1996, and 2006, respectively, and each site was divided into three plots, each of which was 22?m?×?10?m. Each year, the plots were planted with rice (cv Xiushui) in summer and barley (cv Yanmai) in winter. Soil pH and EC were determined in an aqueous suspension with a 1:5 ratio of soil and water. Soil organic carbon content was measured by dichromate oxidation with heating. Measured soil enzyme activities included catalase, urease, and protease. Soil microbial community structures were assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.

Results and discussion

Reclamation under rice?Cbarley cropping reduced EC and pH, but increased SOC, the activities of catalase, urease and protease, and the cell numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, resulting in an increase in the bacterial community diversity. The enzyme activities and bacterial community diversity were significantly positively correlated with SOC, and negatively correlated with pH and EC. Five bacterial groups related to Gaetbulibacter, Sporosarcina, Flavobacterium, Aequorivita, and Gillisia, which have been associated with saline waters, did not appear in the soils that had been reclaimed prior to 1996.

Conclusions

Results of this field study suggest that soil properties which affect microbial activity such as EC, pH, and SOC significantly influence the activities of catalase, urease, and protease, and microbial community composition. More than 10?years after reclamation under rice?Cbarley cropping, EC had decreased and bacteria typically found in marine and saline environments had disappeared from the soil.     

青饲甜高梁优良新品种(系)引种试验

为加强优良青饲甜高粱品种在贵州的推广利用,特引进当前生产中几个甜高粱品种(系)进行试验,结果表明,维多45的穗长最长(33.5 cm),较其它参试品种差异呈极显著水平.大力士的主要产量性状明显优于其它参试品种(系),其差异显著性比较明显.株高达470.0cm,茎粗和节数分别为2.3 cm和20节;穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重和鲜草产量均明显优于其它参试品种(系),分别为2 894粒、81.6g、28.2g和120833.3kg/hm2,差异性呈极显著;籽粒产量最高的是晋草1号(7 662.5kg/hm2),较其它参试品种(系)差异呈极显著水平.