适当的保护水平及其研究方法的初步研究

探索了有害生物风险分析中适当的保护水平的起源,分析了澳大利亚、美国、新西兰、加拿大各国对适当的保护水平的理解,并讨论了适当的保护水平与可接受的风险水平两者之间的关系、检疫检验措施的力度选择和ALOP在我国植物检疫中的确定问题。     

Atomic-level characterization of the structural dynamics of proteins

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are widely used to study protein motions at an atomic level of detail, but they have been limited to time scales shorter than those of many biologically critical conformational changes. We examined two fundamental processes in protein dynamics--protein folding and conformational change within the folded state--by means of extremely long all-atom MD simulations conducted on a special-purpose machine. Equilibrium simulations of a WW protein domain captured multiple folding and unfolding events that consistently follow a well-defined folding pathway; separate simulations of the protein's constituent substructures shed light on possible determinants of this pathway. A 1-millisecond simulation of the folded protein BPTI reveals a small number of structurally distinct conformational states whose reversible interconversion is slower than local relaxations within those states by a factor of more than 1000.     

优良马尾松种源营造速生丰产林技术研究

选用广西宁明县桐棉松和福建明溪县马尾松二个种源,在明溪县夏阳乡倒麻岭马尾松速生丰产样板林中设立马尾松速生丰产试验林。分别进行了种源、立地条件、育苗技术措施、造林成活率和营林措施等五个方面试验。幼林阶段结果表明,广西优良种源桐棉马尾松具有明显生长优势。并探讨了桐棉松播种期合理定苗密度。控制水肥,促进苗木木质化,协调其高径比和冠根比,确保苗木质量,及造林的技术措施。     

沈阳世博园空气负离子浓度的研究

对沈阳世博园空气负离子浓度进行了观测和研究,结果表明园内空气很清洁,负离子浓度约为城市居民区的2倍;空气负离子浓度日变化明显,早晨和午夜前后空气负离子浓度较高,空气最为清洁,白天午后空气负离子浓度较低;不同环境游憩区空气负离子浓度明显不同,由高到低依次是:水边＞林内＞林边广场＞开阔草地＞温室;空气负离子浓度与气温呈显著负相关关系,与空气湿度呈显著正相关关系.     

Influences of organic-modified Fe-montmorillonite on structure, morphology and properties of polyacrylonitrile nanocomposite fibers

The Fe-montmorillonite (Fe-MMT) combined catalysis effects of Fe ion with barrier effects of silicate clays, was firstly synthesized by hydrothermal method, and then was modified by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The organic-modified Fe-montmorillonite (Fe-OMT) was dispersed in the N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and then compounded with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution which was dissolved in DMF. The composite solutions were electrospun to form PAN/Fe-OMT nanocomposite fibers. The influences of the Fe-OMT on the structure, morphology, thermal, flammability and mechanical properties of PAN nanocomposite fibers were respectively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), Micro Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) and Electronic Single Yarn Strength Tester. It was found from XRD curves that there was not observable diffraction peak of silicate clay, indicating that the silicate clay layers were well dispersed within the PAN nanofibers. The HRTEM image indicated that the multilayer stacks of nanoclays could be found within the nanofibers and were aligned almost along the axis of the nanofibers. The SEM images showed that the diameters of nanocomposite fibers were decreased with the loading of the Fe-OMT. The TGA analyses revealed that the onset temperature of thermal degradation and charred residue at 700°C of PAN nanocomposite fibers were notably increased compared with the pure PAN nanofibers, contributing to the improved thermal stability properties. It was also observed from MCC analyses that the decreased peak of heat release rate (PHRR) of the PAN nanocomposite fibers reduced the flammability properties. The loadings of Fe-OMT increased the tensile strength of PAN nanocomposite fibers, but the elongation at break of PAN nanocomposite fibers was lower than that of the PAN nanofibers.     

黄河三角洲盐碱地柳枝稷育苗栽培技术初探

为了开发利用黄河三角洲盐碱地和丰富该地区的牧草种质资源,本研究在黄河三角洲盐碱地开展了柳枝稷引种试验,对柳枝稷在该地区的育苗、田间移栽和后期管护等进行了详细阐述.结果表明,柳枝稷育苗出苗率高,苗期移栽成活率高,均达到90％以上;2年试验过程中,柳枝稷鲜草和种子产量最高分别达到7350 kg/hm2和203 kg/hm2,表明柳枝稷产量高,耐寒、耐盐碱能力较强,可在黄河三角洲盐碱地规模化种植推广.     

灵芝孢子粉和大豆异黄酮对文昌鸡生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮对110~140日龄文昌鸡生长性能、肉品质与抗氧化能力的影响,试验选取540只110日龄文昌母鸡,随机分成3个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只,试验周期30天,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别在基础饲粮中添加500 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉和300 mg/kg大豆异黄酮预混剂,试验期满后,测定试鸡生长性能,采集试鸡血浆、胸肌样品,测定血液与胸肌抗氧化指标、胸肌肉质性状、肉感官评定及货架期指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,1)大豆异黄酮组试鸡的生长末重与平均日增重均显著增加(P<0.05),料重比降低(P<0.05);2)灵芝孢子粉显著提高试鸡胸肌宰后24 h的pH(P<0.05)、降低剪切力(P<0.05);大豆异黄酮显著降低胸肌宰后45 min的a^*值(P<0.05),提高胸肌宰后24 h的L^*值和pH(P<0.05);3)灵芝孢子粉组试鸡的肉汤鲜味评分显著提高(P<0.05);4)灵芝孢子粉可显著降低文昌鸡胸肌宰后24 h的丙二醛(MDA)与宰后45 min的挥发性盐基氮含量(P<0.05);大豆异黄酮显著降低试鸡胸肌宰后45 min和24 h的MDA含量(P<0.05);5)饲粮添加灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮显著降低了文昌鸡血浆MDA含量(P<0.05),灵芝孢子粉还增加了血浆谷胱甘肽含量(P<0.05)。综上,500 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉和300 mg/kg大豆异黄酮预混剂均可提高文昌鸡的抗氧化能力,改善肌肉品质。二者比较,500 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉作用更优。     

阿尔泰山垂直地带性土壤中铁和锰的形态特征及发生学意义

阿尔泰山位于中国、蒙古和苏联的交界处,分布着较完整的垂直地带性土壤。有关阿尔泰山山地土壤的垂直分布规律,已有报道。本试验研究土壤中铁、锰的形态分布特征及垂直地带性,其结果有助于了解阿尔泰山山地土壤的发生发展过程,为合理开发利用阿尔泰山山地土壤资源的途径提供科学依据。     

中国秸秆生物质发电区域适宜度分异评价

秸秆发电是我国发展生物质能产业的重要组成部分,区域适宜度评价是决定其合理布局的关键.在综合分析秸秆发电产业发展影响因素的基础上,运用层次分析法和多目标线性加权函数法从耕地资源潜力、秸秆原料供应、市场需求状况和产业发展成本四个层面共选取了耕地资源总量、耕地资源量波动水平、秸秆资源总量、秸秆产量波动水平、用电量、用电量增长率、秸秆资源密度和人均GDP等8个指标建立了中国秸秆发电区域适宜度评价指标体系和评价模型,结果显示,我国各省区秸秆发电适宜度存在较大差异,综合适宜度较高的是河南、山东、安徽、江苏、河北、黑龙江、吉林等我国中部和东北粮食主产区;综合适宜度较低的是北京、上海、天津、浙江等东部经济发达区和青海、宁夏、甘肃、陕西等西北农牧区;其余区域秸秆生物质发电的适宜程度一般.     

发酵床垫料无害化处理技术研究

通过对发酵床养猪后发酵床垫料的无害化堆肥技术研究,对垫料堆肥过程中堆肥温度、pH值、电导率、总养分（有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾）、有效养分（有效磷、速效钾）、堆肥腐熟度（种子发芽指数）等指标进行监测并分析。结果表明：发酵床养猪系统中产生的有机垫料经过堆肥化处理后的产物达到了有机肥料标准,是一种优质的有机肥;不仅解决了畜禽...