猪呼吸道疾病综合征的防治

猪呼吸道疾病综合征(PRDC),又称“猪复合性肺炎”“、多因子猪呼吸道病”等,是近几年来集约化养猪场或养猪专业户常见的疾病,给养殖业带来严重的经济损失。本病的特点是致病原因复杂,多因子共同作用,临床症状不一,病程长,疗程久,猪增重速度下降,尤其是保育猪和育肥猪多发。通常需联合用药才能控制。1病因猪呼吸道疾病综合征的致病原因相当复杂,目前尚存在争议,但共同认为是一种多因子复合型疾病。1.1原发性病原经常是几种病原同时存在。常见的主要病原有:1.1.1猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒本病毒引起猪繁殖与呼吸综合征,俗称“兰耳病”。其典型…     

《中国畜牧兽医》发展现状与展望

《中国畜牧兽医》是由农业部主管、中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所主办的全国性技术类期刊，其前身是创刊于1974年的《国外畜牧科技》，是我国畜牧兽医工作者的重要交流平台。作者简要回顾了《中国畜牧兽医》的发展历程，着重分析了期刊的影响力现状，并对刊物的发展及未来的方向进行了论述。     

浅谈动物检疫电子出证

本文阐述了动物检疫电子出证的优点,强调了开展该项工作对规范动物检疫出证,提高检疫效率以及提升动物产品安全监管水平的重要意义,认真分析了电子出证在系统设计、便携使用出证不规范及设备不足等方面存在问题,建议通过完善电子出证系统和出证设备,加大投入,加强培训,以期进一步推进动物检疫电子出证工作深入开展。     

Finite mixture model analysis of microarray expression data on samples of uncertain biological type with application to reproductive efficiency

Common goals of microarray experiments are the detection of genes that are differentially expressed between several biological types and the construction of classifiers that predict biological type of samples. Here we consider a situation where there is no training data. There is considerable interest in comparing expression profiles associated with successful pregnancies (SP) and unsuccessful pregnancies (UP) in model and farm animals. Successful pregnancy rate is known to be much higher in embryos generated by in vitro fertilization (IVF) than in nuclear transfer (NT) embryos, and higher under induced ovulation for large follicles (LF) than for small follicles (SF). The tasks of identifying genes differentially expressed between SP and UP, and predicting SP for future samples are not well accomplished by comparing IVF and NT, or LF and SF. A suitable method is finite mixture model analysis (FMMA), which models each observed class (IVF and NT, or LF and SF) as a mixture of two distributions, one for SP and one for UP, with different known or unknown proportions (here known to be 0.50 SP for IVF and 0.02 SP for NT). The means of the two distributions differ for the differentially expressed genes, which we identify via a likelihood ratio test. We confirm by simulation that FMMA strongly outperforms hierarchical clustering and linear discriminant analysis using the known class labels (NT, IVF). We apply FMMA to a real data set on IVF and NT embryos, and compute their posterior probabilities of SP, which confirm our prior knowledge of the SP proportions for IVF and NT.     

虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹摄食和生长影响的研究

分别用虾蛄蛋白浆替代饲料中2%和4%的鱼粉,并以乌贼膏为对照,研究其对河蟹摄食和生长的影响。结果表明,饲料中添加虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹的诱食作用与乌贼膏相当,但摄食量显著高于乌贼膏组。此外,虾蛄蛋白浆还具有明显的促进河蟹脱壳生长的作用,其作用机制可能与其中氨基酸、小肽、胆固醇等含量丰富有关。     

Mannheimia granulomatis PCR检测方法的建立

Mannheimia granulomatis是导致牛、羊呼吸道传染病的一种病原菌.为快速、准确诊断由该菌导致的疫病,从基因库中获得M.granulomdtis的基因序列,再从M.granulomatis的基因序列中获得与其他细菌包括溶血性曼氏杆菌和多杀性巴氏杆菌等不同的基因片段,设计引物,建立了特异性好、敏感性较高的M.granulomatis的PCR诊断方法.结果表明,其特异性为100%,最小检出量为5×104cfu/mL～5×103cfu/mL M.granulomatis或1/10个单个菌落.     

玉米价格高涨后的蛋鸡饲料解决方案

进入2006年以来,由于玉米价格持续走高,致使饲料生产成本提高。特别是近期小麦和玉米的倒挂价差越来越大,局部地区甚至达到160￣220元/t,使得部分饲料企业和养殖场开始在生产中用小麦替代玉米。当前,中原地区玉米质次价高,霉变严重,养殖户在当地要找到优质玉米很不容易,因此,多     

致猪水肿病大肠埃希菌多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

本研究旨在建立一种快速鉴定致猪水肿病大肠埃希菌的多重PCR检测方法.分别针对大肠埃希菌16S rDNA、志贺毒素Stx2e A亚基和菌毛F18ab A亚基保守序列设计合成3对特异性引物,优化多重PCR反应条件,并进行特异性和敏感性检测.结果显示,阳性对照菌株扩增产物大小分别为1 062、733和313 bp.特异性和灵敏性检测结果表明,与肠炎沙门菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、支气管败血波氏杆菌和猪链球菌等猪常见致病菌均无交叉反应;菌体直接扩增法最低检出量为1 875 CFU.利用建立的多重PCR检测方法对分离收集的128株大肠埃希菌进行鉴定,得到36株致猪水肿病大肠埃希菌,其中30株既有菌毛F18ab又产志贺毒素Stx2e,另外6株仅产志贺毒素Stx2e.结果表明,本试验所建立的多重PCR检测方法对致猪水肿病大肠埃希菌的快速诊断和流行病学调查具有一定的应用价值.     

猪圆环病毒与胸膜肺炎放线杆菌混合感染的诊治

2019年3月,大庆某规模化猪场个别猪出现发育不良、咳喘、消瘦、皮肤苍白和呼吸困难等症状,随后出现死亡。为明确发病原因,降低损失,对送检病死猪进行临床症状观察、剖检及实验室检测,并对病原菌进行药物敏感性试验。检测结果为致病性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和猪圆环病毒混合感染所致,分离的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌对阿莫西林和头孢唑高度敏感。本研究为养殖场饲养猪的死亡病因分析和防治提供了参考。     

Seasonality and photoperiod influence in vitro production of buffalo embryos

Buffalo is considered short-day breeder in tropical and subtropical part of the world and seasonality and photoperiodism impart major influence on its fertility. However, its impact on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) remains elusive. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of seasonal variations and photoperiodism on morphological and molecular parameters of IVEP in buffalo. For this purpose, we conducted two different experiments on the oocytes obtained by aspirating follicles from abattoir derived ovaries. In Exp. I, retrospective analysis was performed for oocyte recovery, blastocyst and hatching rate, during four consecutive seasonal periods (i.e. January–March, April–June, July–September and October–December). In Exp. II, oocytes from peak breeding and non-breeding seasons were subjected to 24 hr in vitro maturation and evaluated for polar body extrusion to assess maturation rate. Results showed that embryo development was markedly low during second quarter (April–June) and maximum during fourth quarter (October–December) of the year; referred as non-breeding and breeding seasons, respectively. Comparative data analysis demonstrated that poor oocyte quality is major reason for lesser efficiency of embryo production during non-breeding season than peak breeding season as suggested by poor oocyte recovery (2.31 ± 0.10 vs. 3.65 ± 0.27) and maturation rate (33.32 ± 2.1 vs. 63.15 ± 7.31). Subsequently, comparative gene expression analysis of blastocysts during peak breeding season significantly upregulated pluripotency gene (OCT-4) and downregulated heat shock protein 90, as compared to non-breeding season. Therefore, it could be divulged from the present study that seasonal variations and photoperiodism have profound effect on oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development. It is recommended to find suitable additives for in vitro maturation that could mitigate seasonal effects.