Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

0~4周龄云岭红肉鸡赖氨酸适宜需要量的研究

试验通过分析饲粮不同赖氨酸水平对云岭红肉鸡生长性能、氮沉积率及血液生化指标的影响,确定云岭红肉鸡饲粮赖氨酸的适宜需要量。采用单因素试验设计,将180只健康状况良好、体重相近的1日龄云岭红肉鸡随机分为5个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只鸡。5组试验鸡饲喂的饲粮赖氨酸水平分别为0.85%、0.95%、1.05%、1.15%、1.25%。结果表明:赖氨酸水平对试验鸡的期末体重、全期增重、平均日增重及料重比有显著影响(P<0.05),当赖氨酸水平为1.15%时期末体重最大739.21 g,全期增重最大701.66 g,平均日增重最大24.19 g,料重比最低1.68。不同赖氨酸水平对丝氨酸、甘氨酸和组氨酸的表观代谢率影响显著(P<0.05)。对血清总氨基酸和血清尿素氮影响显著(P<0.05)。研究表明,0~4周龄云岭红肉鸡适宜赖氨酸水平最适量为1.15%。     

新时代饲料跨境电商面临的问题及应对措施研究

随着饲料行业国际市场竞争的日趋加剧,我国饲料企业跨境电商业务受到了严重冲击。近几年,由于农业、畜牧业及肉、蛋、奶等产品的市场价格波动,放大了跨境电商活动中原本就存在的跨境物流、金融支付、网络安全、国际法律公约缺失等问题。为在新的竞争环境下有效降低产品市场价格波动对跨境电商造成的不利影响,应从强化国际间贸易协作,拉动国内市场需求,提升国际贸易一站式服务平台功能,增加互联网软硬件技术投入及促进新的国贸贸易法律体系建立等方面做出努力。     

口蹄疫病毒VP1基因密码子偏好性分析

VP1蛋白是口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的主要结构蛋白,可诱导机体产生中和抗体以及激发保护性免疫应答。为探究VP1基因密码子偏好性,筛选出其最佳体外表达系统,使用Visual Gene Developer、CodonW、GraphPad Prism等软件,对VP1基因进行密码子偏好性分析,同时将VP1基因密码子使用频率与大肠杆菌、毕赤酵母、昆虫杆状病毒和哺乳动物细胞表达系统作了比较。结果显示,VP1基因的CAI为0.21,ENC为55.43,GC3S为65.26%,表明该基因密码子使用偏好较弱并且密码子偏好以G/C碱基结尾。结合VP1基因与各表达系统密码子使用频率比值,发现其与昆虫杆状病毒表达系统频率比值差异最小且CAI最大,因此推断昆虫杆状病毒表达系统是FMDV VP1基因最适体外表达系统。本研究为FMDV亚单位疫苗研制等提供了技术基础。     

鹅大肠埃希菌的分离鉴定及系统进化树分析

为对发病鹅感染致病性大肠埃希菌的临床治疗提供指导并防控致病性大肠埃希菌感染,本研究无菌采集腹泻鹅及病死鹅脾脏、肝脏等组织器官进行病原菌分离培养、染色观察、生化鉴定、致病性试验,对菌株部分基因进行测序、构建遗传进化树并进行药敏试验。结果显示,普通琼脂培养基上生长出灰白色、圆形、凸起、边缘整齐菌落,麦康凯琼脂培养基上长出玫红色、光滑圆润菌落;分离菌株经革兰氏染色,镜下可见革兰氏阴性菌,两端钝圆、大小中等,多呈单个存在的杆状菌;致病性试验表明,该分离菌株对小鼠、雏鹅均有较高致死率;遗传进化树结果显示,分离菌株与患者粪便分离株（GenBank登录号：CP024992.1）同源性最高,达99.5%;体外抑菌试验发现菌株耐药情况较严重,对大多数抗菌药均有较强抗性,仅头孢噻呋对该分离株有较强的抑菌作用,合理用药后病情得到有效控制。本研究为有效防治鹅大肠埃希菌病提供了理论依据,对规模化鹅场防控大肠埃希菌等其他细菌性疾病具有重要价值。     

Betaine Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Hepatic and Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Broilers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine (BET) on growth performance, redox state, and related gene expression in broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 144 21-day-old male broiler chickens with similar body weights were assigned randomly to three treatments with six replicates (eight chickens per replicate cage). Broilers in the control (CON) group were kept at thermoneutral (TN, 22±1°C) conditions and fed a basal diet until they were 42 days of age. Broilers in the other two groups (defined as HS and HS + BET) were exposed to HS (34±1°C, 8 h/day) and fed the basal diet without or with 1000 mg/kg BET, respectively. Rectal and cockscomb temperature of broilers was increased (P<0.05) in HS and HS + BET groups compared with the CON group, whereas there was no difference between HS and HS + BET groups. Dietary BET supplementation restored (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers and reversed (P<0.05) the increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissue of broilers under HS. The HS + BET group had higher (P<0.05) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver tissue and mitochondria than the HS group, and the same pattern was observed for glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in the liver tissue. The decreased mRNA levels of GPX1 and uncoupling protein (UCP) in the liver induced by HS were restored by BET supplementation. In conclusion, dietary BET supplementation can alleviate HS-induced hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative damage of broilers by regulating mRNA expressions of GPX1 and UCP.     

基于SPCE061A的车载灯光语音识别系统设计

在介绍车载灯光非特定人语音识别系统的组成和原理的基础上,重点分析了基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的模板训练和语音识别算法。选用凌阳SPCE061A的16位单片机进行了系统的硬件和软件设计。制定了本语音识别系统的实验方案,实验结果基本满足灯光控制的要求。     

插秧机作业面积测量远程监测系统软件设计——基于VisualBasic.NET 2010

为实现对插秧机作业区域自动识别和作业面积的自动测量,实时掌握跨区作业插秧机远程作业面积参量值,以VisualStudio平台上的VisualBasic.NET2010为开发环境,开发了一套高速插秧机跨区作业面积远程测量监测系统软件。该软件功能主要包括GPS定位轨迹及作业区域的识别、面积测量、数据通讯、数据显示和数据存贮。系统采用VisualBasic.NET2010语言进行开发,将远程跨区作业的插秧机面积测量监测数据经由GPRS网络进行无线传输到上位机,并采用SOCKET组件和ADO.NET技术实现系统数据通信,完成PC机与下位机之间数据的传输,对测量结果进行显示存储,同时通过系统误差分析完成系统的可行性判断。     

4LMZ160型履带式苎麻联合收割机的研究

分析了我国苎麻联合收割机现状及存在的问题,设计了适合我国苎麻主产区收获作业的履带式苎麻联合收割机,并对样机的关键部件进行了详细说明。该机一次可完成割幅160mm收割,整机转弯半径小,操作方便,对麻地高垄有较好适应性。其整机结构配置新颖独特,使用半喂入稻麦联合收获机底盘,采用全液压传动技术直接驱动苎麻收割机行走和机具作业,可一次性完成切割、输送、收集功能。田间性能测试结果表明:该机漏割率、割茬高度、作业小时生产率等各项性能指标均到达设计要求。