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151.
Omatsu T Watanabe S Akashi H Yoshikawa Y 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2007,30(5-6):357-374
Many investigators focused on bats (Chiroptera) for their specific character, i.e. echolocation system, phylogenic tree, food practice and unique reproduction. However, most of basic information about the vital functions related to anti-viral activity has been unclear. For evaluating some animals as a natural reservoir or host of infectious pathogens, it is necessary that not only their immune system but also their biology, the environment of their living, food habits and physiological features should be clarified and they should be analyzed from these multi-view points. The majority of current studies on infectious diseases have been conducted for the elucidation of viral virulence using experimental animals or viral gene function in vitro, but in a few case, researchers focused on wild animal itself. In this paper, we described basic information about bats as follows; genetic background, character of the immunological factors, histological character of immune organs, the physiological function and sensitivity of bat cells to viral infection. 相似文献
152.
Hayashi M Nishiya H Chiba T Endoh D Kon Y Okui T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(2):137-142
Anti-copper treatments have been investigated to determine whether they suppress angiogenesis and tumor development since Cu is widely accepted as being required for angiogenesis. We examined the effects of treatment with trientine, a copper-chelating agent, on tumor development in a murine xenograft model using fibrosarcoma-derived transplantable QRsp-11 cells and C57BL/6 mice and induction of apoptosis in tumor cells and endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. The tumor volumes increased more slowly in trientine-treated mice than in untreated mice. Tumor volumes in the treated mice were significantly smaller than those in the untreated mice at 24 days postinoculation (d.p.i.) of tumor cells. A cluster of pyknotic tumor cells and morphological abnormalities in capillary endothelial cells were observed in the tumors of trientine-treated mice but not in the tumors of untreated mice. The proportions of apoptotic and necrotic cells in the tumors of treated mice were approximately 3.5-fold higher than those in the tumors of untreated mice at 14 d.p.i. When the cells were treated with trientine in vitro, mouse endothelial cells and bovine primary endothelial cells showed an approximately 10-fold higher sensitivity to trientine than QRsp-11 cells in terms of D37. However, the proportion of apoptotic cells in endothelial cells was significantly lower than that in QRsp-11 cells after treatment with trientine. These results show that apoptosis was induced in tumor cells by treatment with trientine in vivo and in vitro. 相似文献
153.
Takano T Hohdatsu T Hashida Y Kaneko Y Tanabe M Koyama H 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,119(2-4):121-131
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) cats show a decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, and a particularly marked decrease in T cells including CD4+ and CD8+ cells. In this study, we showed that lymphopenia observed in FIP cats was due to apoptosis, and that the ascitic fluid, plasma, and culture supernatant of peritoneal exudate cells (adherent cells with macrophage morphology, or PEC) from FIP cats readily induced apoptosis in specific pathogen-free cat peripheral blood mononuclear cells, particularly CD8+ cells. In addition, TNF-alpha released from macrophages and TNF-receptor (TNFR) 1 and TNFR2 mRNA expression in lymphocytes were closely involved in this apoptosis induction. In particular, in CD8+ cells cultured in the presence of the PEC culture supernatant, the expression levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 mRNA were increased, indicating that CD8+ cells are more susceptible to apoptosis induction by TNF-alpha than other lymphocyte subsets, particularly B cells (CD21+ cells). The results of this study suggest that TNF-alpha, produced by virus-infected macrophages, is responsible for induction of apoptosis in uninfected T cells, primarily CD8+ T cells. 相似文献
154.
Tanaka S Aso H Miyazawa K Nagai Y Watanabe K Ohwada S Kobayashi J Yamaguchi T 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,118(1-2):84-91
The distinct patterns of cytokine expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are well understood in mice and humans. However, little information is available about cytokine expression in bovine CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In this study, mRNA expression of 19 different cytokines was analyzed in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of calves with or without Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations were enriched to 98% purity by positive selection using magnetic cell sorting (MACS). CD4+ T cells spontaneously expressed the mRNAs of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and TGF-beta, and augmented the mRNA expression of IL-10, IFN-gamma and TNF-beta after Con A stimulation. The mRNAs of IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and GM-CSF were newly expressed in Con A-stimulated CD4+ T cells. CD8+ T cells displayed spontaneous mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-18, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and TGF-beta, and newly expressed the mRNA of IL-2, IL-7, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and GM-CSF after Con A stimulation. It was found that CD4+ T cells expressed the mRNA of 17 cytokines except for IL-12 and IL-15, while CD8+ T cells expressed only the mRNA of 9 cytokines after Con A stimulation. The profile of cytokine mRNA expression was substantially different in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of calves, indicating that CD4+ T cells can be distinguished from CD8+ T cells by the cytokine gene expression of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-13. Differential cytokine expression between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells serve to interpret an individual function of T cell subsets in the immune system of calves. 相似文献
155.
Yasuhiro UNO Masakiyo HOSOKAWA Teruko IMAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):721-724
Arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), a microsomal serine esterase, hydrolyzes drugs, such
as flutamide, phenacetin and rifampicin. Because AADAC has not been fully investigated at
molecular levels in cynomolgus macaques, the non-human primate species widely used in drug
metabolism studies, cynomolgus AADAC cDNA was isolated and characterized. The deduced
amino acid sequence, highly homologous (92%) to human AADAC, was more closely clustered
with human AADAC than the dog, rat or mouse ortholog in a phylogenetic tree.
AADAC was flanked by AADACL2 and
SUCNR1 in the cynomolgus and human genomes. Moreover, relatively
abundant expression of AADAC mRNA was found in liver and jejunum, the drug-metabolizing
organs, in cynomolgus macaques, similar to humans. The results suggest molecular
similarities of AADAC between cynomolgus macaques and humans. 相似文献
156.
Kazuhiko OKAI Sadao TAHARAGUCHI Yasuhiro ORITA Hiroshi YOKOTA Hiroyuki TANIYAMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(4):449-453
To contribute to early diagnosis and treatment of gastric ulcer of foals, we examined the
gastric mucosa of healthy and affected foals using an endoscope. In healthy foals, the
characteristic changes in the development of the squamous mucosa were seen mainly in the
squamous mucosa, and maturation of the squamous mucosa in the greater curvature (GC-S)
occurred more slowly than that of the squamous mucosa in the lesser curvature (LC-S).
Epithelial desquamation in the LC-S and GC-S was observed between 6 and 90 days but was
not observed in the LC-S at about 60 days, whereas it was observed in the GC-S until 90
days old. These findings suggest that there is a difference in the development of the
gastric mucosa by region and that desquamation continues over a term longer than studies
have reported in the past. In the affected foals, the minimum age at which gastric ulcer
was observed was 4 days old. Gastric ulcers formed predominantly in the squamous mucosa
(LC-S and GC-S) of foals with an immature mucosa before the weaning period,
and the peak incidence occurred between 61 and 90 days old. The differences in the
ulceration sites were considered to depend on the difference in the development
(maturation) stage of the squamous mucosa. The grading score of the gastric ulcer
increased with the growth of the affected foals. The gastric ulcer might be enhanced
greatly by stress in the weaning period. 相似文献
157.
Takuya HIROSE Takayuki OGURA Keisuke TANAKA Jun MINAGUCHI Takeshi YAMAUCHI Toshiyuki FUKADA Yoh-ichi KOYAMA Kazushige TAKEHANA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1385-1389
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of disorders caused by abnormalities that are
identified in the extracellular matrix. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a
crucial role in formation of the extracellular matrix. It has been reported that the loss
of function of zinc transporter ZRT/IRT-like protein 13 (ZIP13) causes the spondylocheiro
dysplastic form of EDS (SCD-EDS: OMIM 612350), in which dysregulation of the TGF-β1
signaling pathway is observed, although the relationship between the dermis abnormalities
and peripheral TGF-β1 level has been unclear. We investigated the characteristics of the
dermis of the Zip13-knockout (KO) mouse, an animal model for SCD-EDS.
Both the ratio of dermatan sulfate (DS) in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) components and the
amount of collagen were decreased, and there were very few collagen fibrils with diameters
of more than 150 nm in Zip13-KO mice dermis. We also found that the
TGF-β1 level was significantly higher in Zip13-KO mice serum. These
results suggest that collagen synthesis and collagen fibril fusion might be impaired in
Zip13-KO mice and that the possible decrease of decorin level by
reduction of the DS ratio probably caused an increase of free TGF-β1 in
Zip13-KO mice. In conclusion, skin fragility due to defective
ZIP13 protein may be attributable to impaired extracellular matrix
synthesis accompanied by abnormal peripheral TGF-β homeostasis. 相似文献
158.
159.
Tsukasa WAKI Yuma OHARI Kei HAYASHI Junji MORIBE Kayoko MATSUO Yasuhiro TAKASHIMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(6):957
Trematodes of the genus Dicrocoelium are one of the most common parasites in ruminant animals; however, their life cycles in Japan are unclear. To find the sporocysts of D. chinensis in the natural field, we sampled 269 land snails (14 species) at a location with high level infection of sika deer in Gifu Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan in autumn between 2017 and 2019. During the sampling period, we found mother sporocysts in the hepatopancreas of Aegista vulgivaga and Cyclophorus herklotsi. DNA barcoding based on the sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 showed that the sporocysts from A. vulgivaga belonged to D. chinensis, indicating that this snail has potential as the first intermediate host of D. chinensis at this location. 相似文献
160.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - To assess the current genetic status of a useful coastal plant Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt ex Miq. in Japan, the genetic diversity within and among natural... 相似文献