种植水稻和长期施用无机肥对红壤氨氧化细菌多样性和硝化作用的影响

以中国科学院红壤生态试验站发育于第四纪红黏土的植稻红壤为研究对象,研究了长期种植水稻和施用无机肥对土壤β-变形杆菌纲中氨氧化细菌多样性和硝化作用的影响。原始红壤改种水稻13年后,氨氧化细菌16SrDNA的DGGE条带数量增加,条带谱与原始红壤的差异较大,相似性为61%,说明种植水稻后土壤氨氧化细菌群落结构发生了变化。PCR-DGGE方法研究结果也显示,长期施用无机氮肥的处理(NP、NPK和NK),DGGE带谱相似性较高,达到73%,硝化率和硝化势均高于未施用氮肥的处理。逐步回归分析显示硝化率和硝化势均随着土壤脲酶活性的提高而显著增加。推测尿素可提高土壤水解氮含量,使土壤脲酶活性提高,促进硝化细菌的生长,进而提高硝化率和硝化势。     

九里香层析物的抑菌活性及成分分析

以石油醚为洗脱液,对九里香氯仿萃取物进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到27个组分。采用生长速率法测定九里香层析物对5种供试病原菌的抑制作用。结果表明,在质量浓度为0.5 g/L时,组分26对5种供试病原菌有较好的抑制活性,对香蕉炭疽菌的抑制率达到89.46%,对香蕉炭疽菌的EC50为0.078 6 g/L。GC-MS分析表明,组分26的主要成分是7-甲氧基-8-异戊烯基香豆素,占92.00%。     

黔中地区旱地黄壤抗干旱能力研究

对地处贵州中部的旱地黄壤水分特征曲线测定的基础上,通过2年的定位观测,旱地黄壤无效水分含量高、有效水分贮量少,作物利用难度大,抗干旱能力低,黄壤季节性干旱主要受制于降水;土壤水分耗竭随季节性气候特点和作物种类而异,旱地灌溉应结合季节性气候特点和作物种类等因素进行综合考虑,因地制宜地发展集雨工程,确定灌溉合理的灌水量是解决黄壤旱地季节性干旱的主要措施。     

实时荧光PCR定性检测菜籽粕中转基因成分的研究

本文针对使用实时荧光PCR对深加工的饲料菜籽粕进行转基因检测的研究,就DNA抽提、纯化和实时荧光PCR过程中使用样品DNA的最适浓度等方面,对检测方法进行了适当的改进,并探讨了如何根据所得荧光曲线的Ct值判定菜籽粕中是否含有转基因成分.     

Evaluation of pea proteins and poultry protein as fish meal alternatives in the diets for juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii

The potential of three different protein resources (pea protein isolate, PPI; pea protein concentrate, PPC; enzyme treated poultry protein, ETPP) as fish meal (FM) alternative protein in diets for juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. (initial average weight 7.90 ± 0.13 g) was evaluated. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace FM at 0% (T0, control diet), 8% (designated as T1‐T3) and 16% (designated as T4‐T6) using PPI, PPC and ETPP respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, survival rate was not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Growth performance in T6 (16% ETPP) group was significantly inferior to T0 group, however, weight gain and specific growth rate in other treatments showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Mean feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also poorer in fish fed in T6 than those of fish fed with the control diet respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein for fish fed ETPP diets were significant lower than those of fish fed with the control diet, whereas ADCs of lipid were unaffected by dietary treatments. ADC's of dietary Leu, Ile, His and Lys was also significantly influenced. There were no marked variations in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle. With regard to plasma characteristics, significant difference was observed in triacylglycerol content. Ammonia concentration in plasma tended to increase in alternative protein diets as substitution level increased. There were significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase activities among groups, but alanine aminotransferase levels were unaffected by treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPI and PPC were potential protein sources for using in juvenile black sea bream diet. However, the substitution level of FM by ETPP should be limited within 16%.     

乳清分离蛋白—多糖乳状液制备与乳化稳定性研究

在pH值7.0时以乳清分离蛋白为乳化剂制备初级乳状液,利用静电自组装技术,通过加入具有不同电性的阴离子型果胶、中性瓜尔豆胶、阳离子型壳聚糖制备具有良好稳定性的乳清分离蛋白-多糖的二级乳状液,并考察pH值、乳清分离蛋白与多糖的比例对乳状液稳定性的影响.结果表明:瓜尔豆胶与乳清蛋白乳状液粒子间无静电作用;在pH值5.0 ～6.0条件下,壳聚糖能够吸附到乳状液粒子表面,但形成的乳状液稳定性较差;在pH值3.0～5.0、果胶质量分数为0.2％～0.5％条件下,乳清分离蛋白-果胶为乳化界面构建的二级乳状液,稳定性最高.     

滴灌均匀系数和施氮量对白菜生长及产量和品质的影响

为了完善滴灌均匀系数设计与评价标准,在日光温室内研究了滴灌均匀系数和施氮量对白菜生长、氮素吸收、相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）、产量和品质的影响。试验中均匀系数设置0.62、0.80和0.96 3个水平,施氮量设置150和300 kg/hm2 2个水平。土壤多参数传感器Hydra Probe的监测结果表明,白菜生育期内不同处理的土壤含水率和温度变化动态基本一致,而不同处理间的土壤电导率的差异主要是由其初始值不同引起的。当滴灌均匀系数不大于80%时,白菜株高、干物质质量、吸氮量和产量的均匀系数大于灌水和施肥的均匀系数,且滴灌均匀系数对株高、干物质质量、相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）、吸氮量、产量及Vc含量、总糖、硝酸盐、纤维素等品质指标均值和均匀系数的影响均不显著（α=0.05）。因此采用过高的均匀系数,对提高产量和改善品质的作用不明显,采用现行滴灌均匀系数的设计和评价标准（均匀系数Cu≥0.80）不会对白菜的生长、养分吸收和产量造成不利影响,可考虑适当降低。     

基于结合部动力学特性的立柱-主轴系统动力学模型研究

针对某卧式加工中心动力学特性分析的需要,论述了主要影响其动力学特性的立柱-主轴系统中导轨结合部、螺栓结合部、滚珠丝杠结合部以及轴承4类结合面分布情况,提出各类结合部动力学参数提取方法与有限元建模方法.通过试验测试与有限元分析相结合的手段识别导轨结合部刚度与阻尼,利用赫兹接触理论计算出滚珠丝杠接触刚度.在此基础上,建立了某卧式加工中心立柱-主轴系统有限元分析模型,通过测试立柱-主轴系统轴端频率响应函数验证了该有限元分析模型的准确性,并分析得出了该立柱-主轴系统导轨结合部对系统动态性能的影响情况.     

固化土结构沼气池试验研究初报

固化土结构沼气池是在传统以砖砌体沼气池和混凝土现浇沼气池建造基础上，利用土壤固化技术建造的一种新型户用水压式沼气池。将固化土作为池底结构材料和池壁材料，在冲积土、紫色土、黏土等3种土壤条件下建造了不同组合模式的固化土结构沼气池。经破坏性极限压力试验表明，所建沼气池均符合国家《户用沼气池质量检验验收规范GB/T4751-2002》标准。对固化土结构沼气池与传统沼气池建造成本进行详细分析，结果表明，由于部分建池材料实现就地取材，商品建材的使用量和运输量减少，建池成本降低，具有显著的经济效益和广阔的推广前景。     

大庆龙凤湿地绿头鸭部分器官硒含量测定

为了解绿头鸭各器官内的硒（Se）含量水平,搜集罚没的绿头鸭个体12只,分别采集肝脏、肾脏、心脏、肺脏、肠、肌肉、血液等标本,采用原子荧光光谱法（AFS）测定硒元素含量,结果表明在绿头鸭的肾脏、肝脏中的硒元素含量较高,达到0.515±0.074微克/克（μg.g-1）和0.396±0.027μg.g-1,而肌肉、血液内的...