《生物资源学》教学改革与实践

结合生物资源学课程特点及以往授课经历和经验,本文从优化整合教学内容、改进教学手段和教学方法以及加强实践教学3个方面对该课程的教学改革进行了探讨,为提高课程教学效率和教学质量奠定基础,为促进课程发展和创新型人才培养提供参考。     

非洲猪瘟病毒污染运输车辆模拟消毒试验

为验证碾压消毒垫和驶过消毒池两种常见运输车辆消毒方式对非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）的杀灭效果,采用生物学特性和理化特性相近的猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）疫苗稀释液喷洒运输车辆车轮,测试两种消毒方式的消毒效果。结果显示：车辆碾压消毒垫后0、1、2、3、4、5 min以及驶过消毒池后0、2、5、10 min,车轮可被检测的PRV与表面细菌含量均呈下降趋势,且杀灭效果随时间增加而增强。其中,碾压消毒垫后5 min无法有效杀灭所有PRV,细菌杀灭率为92.5%;驶过消毒池后10 min可有效杀灭所有PRV,细菌杀灭率为98.3%。本研究结果为提高非洲猪瘟疫情应急处置水平和日常防控消毒措施有效性提供了数据支撑。     

He-Ne激光辐射对糯玉米种子的生物学效应

种子活力是检验种子质量高低的一项最重要的指标。采用苏糯一号玉米种子为材料,研究了He-Ne激光不同剂量以及不同照射时间对糯玉米种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、电导率、可溶性蛋白含量以及淀粉含量的影响。结果表明,采用13mA剂量的激光照射糯玉米种子50s能够明显的提高其种子活力,增加幼苗可溶性蛋白和淀粉的含量。     

Adipocyte-derived relaxing factor,a new vasodilative factor

Although our knowledge of ADRF (adipocyte-derived relaxing factor) is extremely limited,the little that is known has already revealed a promising future in this newly found factor.Firstly,it is secreted by adipose tissue,which is a abundantly and extensively distributed in human body and has become a hot spot for research work in recent years.Secondly,ADRF has shown a significant vasodilative action in a considerable number of experiments conducted on arteries of various sizes,from different body parts of different species of animals,including human.In this article,we introduce the development of ADRF research,sum up its known properties,including its Ca2+,protein tyrosine kinase,and protein kinase A dependent releasing,K+ channel mediated functioning,and interfered effect in different pathological models,and propose problems surrounding this factor and directions for future research work.     

Refinement of rooting depths using satellite-based evapotranspiration seasonality for ecosystem modeling in California

Accurate determination of rooting depths in terrestrial biosphere models is important for simulating terrestrial water and carbon cycles. In this study, we developed a method for optimizing rooting depth using satellite-based evapotranspiration (ET) seasonality and an ecosystem model by minimizing the differences between satellite-based and simulated ET. We then analyzed the impacts of rooting depth optimization on the simulated ET and gross primary production (GPP) seasonality in California, USA. First, we conducted a point-based evaluation of the methods against flux observations in California and tested the sensitivities of the simulated ET seasonality to the rooting depth settings. We then extended it spatially by estimating spatial patterns of rooting depth and analyzing the sensitivities of the simulated ET and GPP seasonalities to the rooting depth settings. We found large differences in the optimized and soil survey (STATSGO)-based rooting depths over the northern forest regions. In these regions, the deep rooting depths (>3 m) estimated in the study successfully reproduced the satellite-based ET seasonality, which peaks in summer, whereas the STATSGO-based rooting depth (<1.5 m) failed to sustain a high ET in summer. The rooting depth refinement also has large effects on simulated GPP; the annual GPP in these regions is increased by 50–100% due to sufficient soil water during the summer. In the grassy and shrubby regions of central and southern California, the estimated rooting depths are similar to those of STATSGO, probably due to the shallow rooting depth in these ecosystems. Our analysis suggests that setting a rooting depth is important for terrestrial ecosystem modeling and that satellite-based data could help both to estimate the spatial variability of rooting depths and to improve water and carbon cycle modeling.     

固定化木质素降解菌对园林废弃物堆肥的影响

  目的  以生物质炭和米糠为载体,将木质素降解菌No.11通过固定化的方式制备促进园林废弃物堆肥腐熟的固体菌剂。  方法  通过单因素试验探究接菌量(5%、10%、15%、20%、25%)、保护剂体积分数(0、4%、8%、12%、16%、20%)、含水率(5%、10%、15%、20%、25%)的优化范围,再通过正交试验在该范围内寻找固体菌剂的最佳制备条件。以市售常见有效微生物复合菌(EM菌)菌剂为对比,将制得的菌剂添加到园林废弃物堆肥中,探究其对木质素、纤维素降解和相关酶活力的影响。  结果  木质素降解菌No.11的最佳固定化条件为:接菌量10%、保护剂体积分数8%、含水率15%,制得的菌剂中有效活菌数达1.26×1011 CFU·g?1。园林废弃物堆肥中添加自制菌剂后木质素降解相关酶(漆酶、锰过氧化物酶、木质素过氧化物酶)的活力均得到提高。与添加EM菌相比,木质素降解率提高8.69%;与不添加菌剂相比,木质素降解率提高23.91%,纤维素降解率提高8.34%,堆肥产品达到腐熟标准。  结论  通过固定化木质素降解菌制备的固体菌剂,其有效活菌数符合GB 20287?2006《农用微生物菌剂》的相关要求,将菌剂添加到园林废弃物堆肥中可提高木质素和纤维素降解率,促进堆肥产品腐熟。图3表3参36     

副鸡嗜血杆菌的初步分离与鉴定

从某鸡场发病鸡中分离出一株细菌，经过病原的分离培养、生化鉴定试验、动物回归试验等实验室方法，初步鉴定为副鸡嗜血杆菌。通过药敏试验筛选敏感药物，对该病的防治起到了积极的效果。     

Inhibition of bovine lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin by a specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor

AA861, a specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, inhibited bovine lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Mitogen-stimulated cultures of mononuclear cells produced leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in 24 hours. The production of LTB4 was completely inhibited by concentrations of AA861 that inhibited mitogen-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation. The inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation was totally reversed by LTB4 but not by leukotriene C4 or leukotriene D4. The inhibition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by AA861 was also completely reversed by addition of exogenous LTB4 to lymphocyte cultures. Thus, endogenous LTB4 production appeared to be necessary for PHA-induced IL-2 production and lymphocyte proliferation.     

我国天然气输送管道发展方向及相关技术问题

通过增大管径或压力提高天然气管道的输送效率,成为天然气管道工业的发展方向,国内外天然气管道正在向1422mm管径或12MPa以上压力发展。分析了现有制管、设备、施工、设计方法、运行要求等方面存在的制约因素,针对性地提出改善措施和建议。重点讨论了国内外X100钢级管线钢的研究应用现状,以及制约其大规模工业应用的关键问题,提出研究应用建议,指出在设计中应引入基于可靠性的设计和评价方法,以适应大管径、高压力、高钢级管道建设的需要。