旱地有限补充供水与覆盖保水效果研究

本文针对旱地作物长期受水分亏缺制约的问题，为了使有限降水资源得以高效利用，研究了几种作物需水关键期有限补充供水以及覆盖保水的效应，表明旱地有限供水的高效性和对提高经济效益的显著作用。提出了实现有限降水资源富集叠加高效利用建设旱区高产高效农田的技术途径。     

水飞蓟对动物机体免疫功能的影响研究

将小鼠分为四组，分别饲喂１０％水飞蓟、２０％水飞蓟、环磷酰胺（０．０１ｇ／ｋｇ）和空白对照（常规饲料），研究对小鼠免疫功能的影响。实验结果证明，水飞蓟各剂量组能增高小鼠外周血白细胞数目（Ｐ＜０．０１、０．００１）；提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬率（Ｐ＜０．００１，０．００１）及吞噬指数（Ｐ＜０．０５、０．００１）并随剂量加大有增强的趋势；能促进小鼠淋巴细胞转化，提高淋巴细胞转化百分率（Ｐ＜０．０１、０     

眼镜蛇取毒饲养生产试验

常山县龙尧乡进行眼镜蛇取毒饲养试验表明：取毒时间，每１０ｄ取毒１次，可正常饲养，同时也提高了蛇毒产量。每１ｋｇ眼镜蛇，可得蛇毒液７．０８２４ｇ／ａ，蛇毒干品２．０８３２ｇ／ａ。     

宁波市杉木优良家系区域性试验

１９５９年，将初选出的３５个优良家系作进一步的区域性试验，经过４ａ观测研究后认为．①６１号等８个家系，表现突出，在我市推广，增产明显，②选出的１７株优树，同初级良种相比，第４年增产１３８．２％，成熟期可望增产３７．７％，③杉木４ａ生时，进行选择是较为可靠的．     

NATURAL LANDSCAPES AND STRATEGIES OF REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EBINUR LAKE REGION IN XINJIANG

m0uurn0NTheecologicalintegrityOfallworidisdependedonourcomPrehensi0nandrepetOthestrUctUre,fonchonandchangsOflandscaPe.However,dwtngndalPrachcePr0Cess,theunmpdeveloPmenandmaremadediswtanceusuallycausethetwadationofenvironmenquality,andalsocausethech~soforiginalcharacteriSticsoflandscare.TheObjechveofthisstudyistorebulltaho-.mogeruzelandscapeStrUctUreandanimProvedecologicalenvironnent.Ebinurlakeregion(includeEbinurlake--thesecondlargestlakeinXinjiang)locatesinBortalaMongOliaAutonomousS…     

金针菇品种比较试验

１９９１年１０月至１９９３年７月，笔者用Ｃｏ－２７等１２个菌株做了四批十二次金针菇品种比较试验，菌株Ｃｏ－２７比优良品种三明一号，Ｆ９０８分别增产１４．２６％和１２．３９％，差异显著性测验表明，它们之间的差异均达到了显著程度；Ｃｏ－２６，Ｃｏ－１４，Ｃｏ－２３，Ｃｏ－１５，Ｃｏ－２４，Ｃｏ－１３等菌株与两个对照品种相比，其产量都有不同程度的提高，除Ｃｏ－２５之外，各菌株之间菌丝生长速度没有表现出显     

Cystocentesis in dogs and cats]

The technique of cystocentesis in dogs and cats was studied. The indications and contraindications of this method are discussed, using illustrations.     

Research note: Postnatal development of electrolyte transport in calf rumen as affected by weaning time.

In a previous study we found a positive correlation between early weaning in calves and morphological parameters which were indicative of ruminal development, i.e. the length and width of the papillae. The objective of the present study was to determine to what extent this observation could be reflected by modulations of absorptive and secretory functions of the rumen mucosa. For this purpose the short-circuit currents (Isc) as a measure of electrogenic net ion fluxes and the transepithelial conductances (G(T)) as a measure of the overall tissue permeability were measured in vitro applying the Ussing-chamber technique. Simultaneously, the unidirectional flux rates of sodium and chloride across rumen wall epithelia were determined in the absence of electrochemical gradients. Under these conditions, significant positive net flux rates (Jnet) clearly indicate active mechanisms for electrolyte absorption. For the experiments 12 male Holstein calves 7 d of age were assigned to three groups of 4 animals each: milk group (I, slaughtered after 6 weeks of age), late weaning group (II, slaughtered after 9 weeks of age) and early weaning group (II, weaned after 6 weeks of age and slaughtered after 9 weeks of age). Whereas G(T) values remained unaffected by different age and feeding, Isc values were significantly affected by early weaning but were not influenced by age. Irrespective of weaning time active absorption of Na+ tended to be higher by about 60% in 9 weeks old animals. Active absorption of chloride was significantly increased in milk fed 9 weeke old calves and this effect was further stimulated by early weaning. In conclusion, the data show an increasing active Na+ absorption with age in calf rumen that could not be influenced by early weaning. Similarly, active Cl- absorption was initially increased during postnatal development and this effect could be stimulated further by early weaning.     

一种估测亚麻出麻率的简便方法

统计分析显示亚麻茎中段的出麻率与单株出麻率相关极显著，可以在育种的单株选择过程中，利用茎中段的出麻率来快速估算单株出麻率，以减轻工作量，提高工作效率。     

Milk fever and subclinical hypocalcaemia--an evaluation of parameters on incidence risk, diagnosis, risk factors and biological effects as input for a decision support system for disease control.

The present review analyses the documentation on incidence, diagnosis, risk factors and effects of milk fever and subclinical hypocalcaemia. It is hereby evaluated whether the existing documentation seems sufficient for further modelling in a decision support system for selection of a control strategy. Several studies have been carried out revealing an incidence of milk fever most often in the level of 5-10%. Few studies indicate that the incidence of subclinical hypocalcaemia is several times higher than milk fever. The diagnosis based on clinical or laboratory methods or based on presence of risk factors is outlined. The clinical symptoms of milk fever are highly specific and the disease level may thus be determined from recording of treatments. Diagnosis of subclinical hypocalcaemia needs to include laboratory examinations or it may be determined by multiplying the incidence of milk fever by a certain factor. From the documentation on risk factors, it is very complex to predict the incidence from the exposure level of the risk factors. Due to uncertainty, sensitivity analyses over a wide range of values for each parameter are needed. The documentation of cow characteristics, nutrition, environment and management as risk factors are described. Among cow characteristics, parity or age, body condition and production level were found to be important. Risk factors associated with nutrition included most importantly dietary cation-anion difference and calcium level whereas the importance of general feeding related factors like type of feed stuff and feeding level were less clear. Environment and management included season, climate, housing, pasturing, exercise, length of dry period and prepartum milking. Several of the parameters on environment and management were confounded among each other and therefore firm conclusions on the importance were difficult. The documentation of the effect of milk fever includes the downer cows, reproductive disorders, occurrence of other diseases and the effect on milk production, body weight and culling. The reproductive disorders included most importantly dystocia, uterine prolapse, retained placenta, metritis and repeat breeding, and occurrence of other diseases included ketosis, displaced abomasum and mastitis. The documentation was substantial and often quantifiable within certain limits. Overall it is concluded that the present documentation on milk fever concerning incidence, diagnosis, risk factors and effects seems sufficient for a systematic inclusion in a decision support system. A model on milk fever should take into consideration the variation in biological data and individual herd characteristics. The inclusion of subclinical hypocalcaemia would be more uncertain and probably should await further documentation on possibilities of determining the herd level incidence and also the effect of this condition on production.