Use of androgenesis in intersubspecific hybrid rice breeding

Significant differences of callus induction, green plant regeneration and culture efficiency were observed among restorer lines and their hybrids in rice. Average callus induction percentage of F₁, hybrids was about twice that of their parents. Twenty doubled haploid (DH) lines that showed normal fertility with both indica and japonica CMS lines, were selected as widely compatible restorers (WCRs). TG8 derived from CPSLO17/Minghui 63 not only showed normal fertility to both indica and japonica test varieties and CMS lines, but also exhibited superior agronomic traits, in particular short plant, desired plant type, high tillerability, large panicles, good grain quality and resistance to rice blast disease. Strong heterosis for yield was observed in crosses between indica or japonica CMS lines and TG8. TG8 possessed a dominant, widely compatible gene (WCG) that was inherited from the variety CPSLO17. Results confirmed that the anther culture technique is a quick and effective way of developing widely compatible restorers in rice and that it is applicable to the direct use of intersubspecific heterosis with the three-line method.     

汽车覆盖件成形过程仿真

分析了汽车覆盖件成形过程仿真的研究形状,归纳总结覆盖件成形仿真的几个关键技术,提出了下一步可能的研究热点.     

含铅的多元氢阴极电催化性能的研究

用电沉积法制备Ｍｏ－Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｐｂ－Ｃａ多元活性阴极，研究了在０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｈ２ＳＯ４中的析氢反应，结果表明，多元阴极具有较高的电催化活性，其析氢过电位比软钢阴极降低３０５ｍＶ，ｉ０提高三个数量级，且有较好的稳定性，并用光电子能谱研究了表面组成和结构。证实表面有：Ｎｉ，ＮｉＯ，ＭｏＯ２，ＭｏＯ＾２－４，ＷＯ３，ＰｂＯ２，ＰｂＯ，Ｃａ＾＋＋等物质。     

日本落叶松在四川引种栽培的初步研究

报道了日本落叶松在四川20多年来的引种。栽培试验结果,证明引种是成功的。并进一步探讨了日本落叶松在四川各地的引种效果和树种生态适应性,提出了按四川自然地理分区和森林分区为基础的引种适生区划分标准。综合分析认为日本落叶松应成为四川省中山地带和高山峡谷区低海拔地带主要速生丰产造林树种之一。     

APPLICATION AND EFFECTS OF RARE-EARTH ON SEEDLINGS

In order to improve the quality of seedlings and economic benefits,rare--earth experiments were carried out on eleven seedling-age-types of four silvicultral treespecies.Some indexes such as the increment,biomass and chlorophyl content weredetermined.The results showed that rare-earth can improve the growth in height anddiameter,increase the bioprductivity and increase the mean benefit by887766.29 yuan/hm~2.It is an effective method to improve the quality of seedlings for the characters such as lowcost and easy grasping.And the method can be widely used in seedling.     

试论含氯化肥的合理施用

根据氯对作物和土壤的影响,表明南方可以在各种作物的耐氯极限内施用含氯化肥,并需配合施用石灰和含钙磷肥;而北方旱区,特别是西北地区合理施用含氯化肥应根据每茬作物吸收带走的氯量,确定一个轮作周期内施用含氯化肥的量,保持土壤氯素的平衡,不致使土壤盐渍化。氯化铵可以就近施用,缺钾作物也能以含氯钾肥予以补充。此即本文所述氮素平衡施肥原理。     

新疆地区啤酒花害的发螨生特点及其防治

对新疆地区啤酒花上的土耳其斯坦叶螨 Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov et Nik-lski 的生物学、发生特点及防治对策进行了初步探讨。该螨寄丰广,为害啤酒花叶片和球果。在啤酒花的毛蕊期和球果生长期有2个发生高峰。本文以啤酒花越冬期,营养生长期、生殖生长期害螨和天敌发生特点,提出了不同的防治方法和技术关键。     

棉花混选-混交育种体系遗传改良效应研究——Ⅰ.主要育种目标性状的响应

研究了陆地棉主要性状对混选—混交育种体系的响应。两轮群体提高了产量、早熟性和降低了麦克隆值的平均数;扩大了纤维品质的变幅;增加了高产株率,但对改进抗枯黄萎病性不明显。一轮群体的效果低于二轮。两次混交扩大了产量和纤维品质的变幅,增加了正末端的个体频率。一次混交的作用不及两次。早代混选相对缩小了群体变幅。一次混交后再经两代开放授粉和对一轮群体再混选,均表现出有益的反响。     

苏云金杆菌与杀灭菊酯防治红铃虫的试验

苏云金杆菌(Bailus thuringiensis)140或018工业菌剂每亩用200～255克,加杀灭菊酯20%乳剂每亩8毫升混用防治第二、三代红铃虫,虫口减退率和铃害下降率分别为80.5～93.4%和68.8～84.6%;杀灭菊酯每亩40毫升单用效果分别为96～97.2%和84.6～95.8%,都能有效控制红铃虫的危害。棉花产量测定表明,菌剂加菊酯混用使皮棉增加21.3～30.9%,菊酯单用增加11.4%。     

七星瓢虫幼虫空间分布型及抽样技术研究

采用颍次分布X~2检验、Iwao平均拥挤度m~*=a+βx和Taylor幂法则S~2=am~b等8种方法,分析了七块麦田中七星瓢虫幼虫的空间分布型,认为其分布型为负二项分布,且聚集的原因是由于个体之间存在着相互吸引,并确定了代表性较强的棋盘式抽样技术,最佳抽样数量为:Q=28.7088/+0.7552。