冬季农户规模育肥肉牛效果观察

通过试验观察,从2006年11月21日到2007年2月4日内,每25天为一个观察段,当外界平均气温为5.26、2.50、2.54时,育肥牛日增重分别为1.36 kg、1.23 kg、1.22 kg;说明寒冷对肉牛育肥有较大影响,建议育肥牛场在冬季注意保暖。     

激流灌注式生物反应器培养猪繁殖与呼吸综合征活疫苗(R98株)工艺的研究

为建立猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)疫苗的大规模生产工艺,本研究应用工作体积为l00 L的激流灌注式生物反应器培养Marc-145细胞,接种PRRS病毒R98株(PRRSV-R98),进行病毒培养,结果显示,培养6d细胞数量可增殖5倍～7倍,单次病毒收获量相当于3 000个～5 000个10L转瓶,而且培养的PRRSV-R98各项指标均符合规程要求.本研究在国内首次建立了应用100 L激流灌注式生物反应器制备PRRS活疫苗的生产工艺,为规模化培养工艺的推广与使用提供了技术参数.     

Fermentation quality and chemical composition of shrub silage treated with lactic acid bacteria inoculants and cellulase additives

Effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and cellulase additives on fermentation quality and chemical compositions of shrub silages were studied by using a small‐scale fermentation system. Two LAB inoculants of Qingbao (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilacticii, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridium phage) and Caihe (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and a commercial cellulase made from Trichoderma reesei were used as additives for intermediate pea‐shrub, rush bushclover, arborescent ceratoides and shrubby silage preparation. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and water‐soluble carbohydrate contents of the four shrub materials were 10.1–14.2, 62.6–67.2 and 1.9–3.5% on a dry matter basis, respectively. All shrub silages had pH 3.40–4.43, ammonia‐N 0.1–0.2% g/kg and lactic acid 1.3–2.9% on a fresh matter basis. The silage quality of LAB‐inoculated silages did not have a greater effect than control silages, except shrubby silage preparation. Silages treated with the cellulase, the pH of rush bushclover and shrubby sweetvetch silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the lactic acid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control silages. The results confirmed that shrub contained a relatively high content of crude protein; its silages can be preserved in good quality, and they are new potential resources for livestock feed.     

镉胁迫对弯叶画眉草幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

采用溶液培养研究不同浓度镉(0～15.0mg/L)胁迫对弯叶画眉草幼苗生长和部分生理特性的影响。结果表明,随着镉浓度的提高和胁迫时间的延长,苗高和鲜重降低,叶绿素含量下降,膜透性增大,幼苗根尖膨大褐化,叶黄化。在镉胁迫下,叶片丙二醛含量增加,过氧化物酶活性增强,而超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性降低。     

高丹草+箭筈豌豆混合饲粮对绵羊养分表观消化率和气体代谢的影响

本研究采用单因素完全随机设计,将12只体重相近、体况良好、6月龄的杂交公羊,随机分为两个处理,每个处理6只羊,分别饲喂两种饲粮[单一高丹草(Sorghum bicolor×S. sudanense)饲粮和高丹草与箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)混合饲粮],分析了以高丹草饲粮为基础添加一定比例箭筈豌豆(高丹草∶箭筈豌豆=2∶1)对牧草表观消化率以及家畜产气的影响。结果表明:以高丹草+箭筈豌豆饲喂羔羊时干物质采食量、中性洗涤纤维和粗蛋白消化率显著高于高丹草组(P <0.05);干物质消化率和酸性洗涤纤维消化率无明显差异(P> 0.05)。说明高丹草与箭筈豌豆组合改善饲粮的适口性,提高了饲草的表观消化率。     

接种根瘤菌与施肥对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量的影响

通过L9(34)正交试验,研究不同根瘤菌梯度、接种方式和氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量的影响。结果表明,接种根瘤菌对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量都有显著影响(P<0.05),以每千克岷山红三叶种子接种16g根瘤菌效果较好。接种根瘤菌的方式、氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量不存在显著影响,但以拌种和不施氮肥效果较好。综合根瘤菌梯度、接种方式和氮肥梯度对岷山红三叶异黄酮含量和产量的影响以A2B2C1效果最优。     

Effect of different sources of dietary fibre on growth performance,intestinal morphology and caecal carbohydrases of domestic geese

1. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dietary fibre sources on growth and on the development of the gastro-intestinal tract in growing geese. 2. Six-week-old female White Roman geese were divided at random into 6 groups with 6 dietary treatments. Diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous and contained alfalfa meal, barley bran, rice hulls, cellulose, pectin or lignin as the major dietary source of fibre. 3. Food intake was significantly higher in the barley bran group than in the other groups. Both daily weight gain and food conversion of the pectin and alfalfa meal groups were lower than those of the other groups. 4. In the 9-week-old geese, the relative weight and the length of the small intestine did not significantly differ among treatment groups. However, the relative weight was significantly lightest and the caecal length was significantly shortest ( P 0.05) in the pectin group. 5. Activities of amylase and cellulose hydrolases of the caecal contents were also highest in the pectin group. 6. From SEM micrographs, no morphological damage of the villi was observable in the different intestinal segments of the geese in any of the treatments.     

西部退耕还林还草的序量问题探讨

针对目前退耕还林还革存在的严重盲动性和炒作性,认为西部生态建设要走"种树更要种草,还草先于还林,建立林草一体化产业"的发展模式,并从实现第三步战略目标对西部种草养畜发展畜牧业的要求和西部生态"先天性基因缺损"的规律等方面进行了详尽的论述,提出了退耕还林还革、建立林草一体化产业的对策措施.     

翻压接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子对植烟土壤肥力的影响

为探究翻压接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子对植烟土壤酶活性及微生物数量等的影响,在烤烟地冬闲时种植接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子(VR)与不接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子(V),并预留不种苕子的冬闲地(CK)。紫花苕子初花期时(生育期187 d)采集植株测定其生物学性状及养分含量,然后全部翻压回田,45 d后种植烤烟。烤烟种植时,冬闲地按照广元烟草公司推荐施肥量,即全量施肥(CF);不接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子翻压并减少20%施肥量(V-20%CF);接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子翻压并减少20%施肥量(VR-20%CF)。烤烟种植前及收获后,采集土壤测定理化性状、酶活性及微生物数量。结果表明:1) 接种根瘤菌能增加紫花苕子的生物量及养分含量,相比不接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子,鲜草产量、干草产量、根产量、总瘤数、株高增加1.3%~50.7%;全氮、全磷、全钾含量增加1.8%~5.0%;氮磷钾积累量增加14.3%~21.5%。2) 测定种烟前土壤可知,翻压接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子能更有效地增加土壤养分含量及微生物数量,与冬闲地比较,全氮、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾增加2.5%~126.6%;蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶活性增加14.6%~82.5%;细菌、放线菌、真菌增加85.3%~236.9%。测定收烟后土壤可知,减少20%施肥量的情况下,翻压接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子能够增加土壤养分含量及微生物数量,与全量施肥比较,全氮、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾增加12.3%~64.1%;蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶活性增加5.4%~67.0%;细菌、放线菌、真菌数量增加65.1%~473.3%。在减少20%施肥量的情况下,翻压接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子能够更有效地培肥地力,改善土壤环境,对实现烟叶生产可持续发展具有重要的意义。     

青海玉树不同海拔高度草毡土微生物数量及影响因子

应用稀释平板法探讨了不同海拔高度土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量与生境的关系.结果表明,不同海拔样地真菌数量差异显著;AM-2样地细菌、真菌数量最大;AM-3的放线菌数量最大;而AM-4的细菌数量、真菌数量、放线菌数量均为最小值;相关性分析表明,细菌、真菌、放线菌与海拔、地下生物量呈显著正相关;与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关.这表明,土壤微生物受到地下生物量及土壤含水量影响最大.