春季小清河流域浮游植物功能群与水环境因子的关系

2018年5月(春季)和2019年5月(春季)调查研究了对小清河流域浮游植物群落结构与水环境理化特征,并利用香农威纳指数和典范对应分析等方法,分析两年中浮游植物群落组成及空间结构特征。结果表明：2018年和2019年在小清河流域共鉴定出32和54种浮游植物;物种密度平均值分别为7.06×10⁷和1.42×10⁷cell/L;香农威纳指数的平均值分别为2.78和2.27;均匀度指数的平均值分别为0.75和0.59。全流域共划分出浮游植物功能群16类,2018年9类,2019年16类,代表性功能群为分别为Lo和MP。典范对应分析显示,2018年影响浮游植物群落结构的主要驱动因子是溶解氧;2019年影响浮游植物群落结构的主要驱动因子是总氮。综合分析认为,小清河流域水体质量一般,水体污染程度为中度污染。     

大亚湾南海石化排污口海域海水总有机碳的分布特征

2013年7月22、23日对大亚湾南海石化排污口海域进行了采样调查,分析了大亚湾南海石化排污口海域海水中总有机碳（TOC）、CODMn、石油类和叶绿素 a 含量的分布特征及排污口处连续12 h 的变化趋势,并讨论了大亚湾南海石化排污口海域 TOC 与 CODMn、石油类和叶绿素 a 等环境因子之间的关系。监测结果显示,大亚湾南海石化排污口海域12个调查站位的 TOC 含量在1．23～1．49 mg／L,各站点差异不大,基本处于同一水平。1号站位连续12 h 监测结果显示,TOC 含量在1．30～1．57 mg／L,各时段差异不大,基本处于同一水平。南海石化排污口附近的站点所监测到的 TOC、CODMn及石油类并没有出现明显的高值,与其他站位监测结果差别不大。监测数据分析结果表明南海石化排污未引起该海域明显有机污染。大亚湾南海石化排污口海域海水中 TOC 与石油类呈显著正相关,与 CODMn亦呈正相关但未达显著程度。     

用地下水饲养漠斑牙鲆的几项技术措施

漠斑牙鲆（Paralichthys lethostigma）又称大西洋漠斑牙鲆,分布于美国佛罗里达州北部沿海和墨西哥沿海,在美国被称为Southern flounder（南方鲆）。漠斑牙鲆肉质细嫩,营养丰富,具有生长快、适应性强、易运输等特点,是一个很有推广价值的养殖品种。     

水稻抗稻瘟病突变体筛选初报

以稻瘟病病原菌粗毒毒提取液为选择压,对水稻进行抗病的筛选。结果表明：粗毒素提取液对水稻愈伤组织诱导、继代及分化有明显的抑制作用,抑制程度随毒素浓度提高而增强,且品种间差异显。采用诱导与分化培养基均含毒素的处理方法筛选效果较好,毒素筛选的愈伤组织与对照相比,ＰＡＬ酶活,ＰＯＤ酶活显增强;ＰＯＤ同工酶酶谱中有新增谱带出现。     

大鲵虹彩病毒贵州分离株MCP基因的克隆与原核表达

根据Gen Bank中大鲵虹彩病毒主衣壳蛋白MCP(major capsid protein,MCP)基因序列(序列号:KF512820),设计一对特异性引物,以大鲵虹彩病毒贵州分离株基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增大鲵虹彩病毒MCP基因并测序,与Gen Bank中大鲵虹彩病毒MCP基因进行比对,然后将其亚克隆到原核表达载体p ET-32a(+)中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导后进行Western blot分析。结果显示:PCR扩增出长度为1 392 bp的片段,与Gen Bank中大鲵虹彩病毒MCP基因核苷酸序列相似性为99.7%~99.9%,SDSPAGE电泳显示该重组蛋白的相对分子质量约为67×103。免疫原性检测结果表明,该重组蛋白可与兔抗大鲵虹彩病毒阳性血清特异性反应,具有免疫原性。     

Recent changes in the trophic structure of the Black Sea

During the past few decades, the Black Sea has been subjected to various human impacts that have led to changes in the ecology of this inland sea. River runoff has introduced high levels of certain heavy metals and other toxic substances as well as detergents. Ship traffic has led to the introduction of new species, and fishing pressures have also altered the ecology of the area.
This paper reviews major ecological changes over the past 40 years. An increase in nutrients has caused eutrophication, with outbursts of phytoplankton blooms and changes in the species composition of these algae. Small-sized zooplankton species and gelatinous zooplankton have become more common, while many of the herbivorous copepods have decreased in abundance or have disappeared. The introduction of the predatory ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the 1980s has had significant impact on the plankton community and has led to a sharp decline in anchovy stocks. Decreased water transparency has led to a loss of macrophytic algae, except in shallow waters, and to a subsequent decline in the zoobenthos associated with this flora. Eutrophication has also led to decreased oxygen concentrations in the near-bottom water due to large amounts of decomposing phytoplankton, and regions of hypoxia and anoxia now appear on the shelf, with consequent reduction in benthic populations of invertebrates and demersal fish. The numbers of fish species harvested commercially have fallen from 26 to 5, but the total catch has increased, owing to increases in abundance of small fish (e.g., sprat) and horse mackerel, and to increased fishing effort.     

蔟中环境对蚕茧质量影响的试验初报

通过简单易行的办法改变蔟中环境,试验调查对蚕茧质量的影响.结果表明,蔟中管理期间适时关闭蔟室门窗能提高蚕茧的上车率、出丝率、解舒、洁净等成绩.     

基于层次分析法的哈尔滨市现代农业发展综合评价

哈尔滨市作为农业大省黑龙江的省会城市,要实现保证国家粮食安全、建设社会主义新农村等目标,必须要加快农业现代化建设。本文通过建立现代农业发展评价的指标体系和基于层次分析法确立权重的综合评价模型,利用1995-2008年数据对哈尔滨市现代农业发展现状进行评价后认为,哈尔滨市现代农业发展始终在进步,各子系统的发展也非常均衡,特别是农业经营水平和新型农民的发展水平比较高。今后应重点加强科技投入和产业结构调整,进行产业化经营。     

Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth,body composition and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Chinese sucker,Myxocyprinus asiaticus

Six isonitrogenous diets (420 g kg^?1 crude protein on dry matter basis) with six levels of soybean meal (SBM) inclusion (0, 112, 225, 336, 449 and 560 g kg^?1) in substitution of fish meal (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) were evaluated in Chinese sucker of 1.81 ± 0.01 g initial weight for 8 weeks. There existed a significant difference (P < 0.001) in fish weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate when the replacement level for fish meal protein was increased from 40% to 60%, indicating that up to 40% of fish meal protein could be replaced with SBM protein without causing reduction in growth and protein utilization. Lipid contents in the Chinese sucker body decreased significantly (P < 0.001) as dietary SBM increased. Digestive enzyme activities in the intestine and hepatopancreas of the fish were significantly different (P < 0.001) as the SBM protein replacement level was increased. Results of the present study appear to indicate that 40% FM can be replaced by SBM in practical feeds of Chinese sucker.     

罗非鱼耐盐数量性状位点(QTL)定位研究

采用190个微卫星分子标记对罗非鱼282个全同胞个体进行数量性状位点(QTL)定位,获得15个罗非鱼耐盐QTL,其中st-c、mst-a可分别解释19.2%的两性耐盐差异和19.1%的雄性耐盐差异,XY性别决定位点、钠钾氯协同转运蛋白2(NKCC2)基因分别定位于st-c、mst-a的峰值处。研究结果表明,罗非鱼海水养殖中采用全雄群体可能具有一定的耐盐优势,NKCC2基因可作为重要的候选基因用于耐盐罗非鱼选育。