冀北沙荒地退化程度诊断及其短期封育效果评价

以冀北退化沙荒地为研究对象,以恢复生态学为研究理论基础,对冀北沙荒地各项指标进行权重赋值,诊断沙荒地的退化程度,并通过分析封育区、未封育区及其地带植被演替顶级群落的土壤理化性质和植被数量特征,评价5年封育效果。结果表明,沙荒地封育区及未封育区均属中度退化程度,沙荒地土壤状况尚未因为5年的封育得到明显改善;植被状况虽有明显改善,但还处在演替初期的草本植被阶段,与地带植被演替顶级群落仍存在很大差距,封育措施需要持续下去。     

泰国产方斑东风螺养殖群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对泰国产方斑东风螺养殖群体的遗传多样性进行检测,从100个随机引物中筛选出21个引物对方斑东风螺的DNA进行扩增,结果表明:21个引物共检测到222条清晰且重复性好的条带,每个引物可扩增出4~16条带,分子量在200~2200bp之间,其中多态位点为156个,占70.27%;群体的Shannon多样性指数为0.2818,Nei基因多样性指数为0.2491;个体间最大遗传距离为0.291,最小遗传距离为0.066。通过与其他贝类遗传多样性的研究结果比较,可初步判断泰国产方斑东风螺养殖群体的遗传多样性比较丰富。     

水稻幼苗根系吸收NO3-对细胞膜电位的影响

利用玻璃微电极技术测定了扬稻6号(籼稻)幼苗根尖细胞在吸收不同NO3-浓度(0.01、0.02、0.1、0.2、0.5、1.0和2.0.mmol/L)过程中膜电位的变化。结果表明,1)水稻根系吸收NO3-引起膜的去极化,去极化到一定程度后出现复极化;有小部分水稻根表现为超极化。在0.01～1.0.mmol/L范围内,去极化大小随外界NO3-浓度的增加而增加,且差异显著(P0.05)。0.01.mmol/L.NO3-产生较小的去极化,平均为3.8.mV;0.5.mmol/L.NO3-产生了最大去极化,平均为40.2.mV;当外界NO3-浓度大于1.0.mmol/L时膜电位去极化大小呈下降趋势。根系吸收不同浓度的NO3-而使膜电位去极化的进程符合Michaelis-Menten动力学。2)复极化有部分复极化和完全复极化两种。超极化也有两种:一种是膜电位先超极化,后缓慢复极化;另一种是先出现一个小的去极化,然后是较大幅度的超极化。3)运输蛋白抑制剂PGO抑制了根系吸收NO3-而产生的膜电位的响应。4)对于经CaSO4溶液预培养的水稻来说,C2+主要引起膜电位超极化。     

云南省主要农作物肥料施用现状与发展研究

通过对云南省化肥施用情况调查结果的统计,深入分析了我省肥料施用现状及存在问题,并对今后的发展提出了建议。     

论道路建设的生态环境影响与生态道路建设

近20年来,我国道路建设取得了辉煌的成就,但在其建设水平和规模巨大提高的同时,道路建设对生态环境的不利甚至负面影响也在不断加深和扩大。从生态学的角度,综合分析了道路建设对生态环境的影响,即:(1)对土、水、气、声、热等无机环境的影响;(2)对植物、动物等生命系统的影响;(3)对景观格局、过程等的影响。在此基础上运用“生命周期”概念分析并提出建设生态道路应在规划设计、建设施工、道路运营等阶段分别采取相应措施,从而达到建设和谐生态道路的目的。     

洋紫荆种子萌发特性初探

研究了洋紫荆果实和种子形态及不同温度、光照、成熟程度、播种基质和深度对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:种子在10、15、20、25、30、35℃、室温(22~38℃)条件下均能萌发,后4种温度下最终发芽率均可达100%;10℃时发芽率最低,仅为4%;30℃时发芽指数最高,为萌发的最适温度;种子萌发不需光;种皮为黑褐色、褐色、黄褐色和黄色的种子,发芽率无显著差异,均可达95%以上;在播种深度为1 cm的泥炭土、蛭石、沙子、珍珠岩4种基质中,蛭石中的出苗率最高,其次为珍珠岩,而在沙子和泥炭土中则几乎不出苗;在深度为1、3、5 cm的珍珠岩中,随着播种深度的加深,发芽率逐渐下降。     

基因×环境互作下杂交粳稻上部三叶形态性状遗传效应分析

利用3个粳稻BT型不育系和6个粳型恢复系配制不完全双列杂交组合,采用基因×环境互作下加性-显性-上位性遗传模型,分析杂交粳稻上部三叶形态性状的遗传效应.结果表明:剑叶面积主要受基因加性效应控制,剑叶宽、倒二叶宽、倒三叶厚主要受基因显性效应控制,倒二叶主要受基因加性×环境互作效应控制,剑叶长、剑叶厚主要受基因显性×环境互作效应控制,倒二叶长、倒二叶面积、倒三叶长、倒三叶宽、倒三叶面积主要受基因加性×加性上位性×环境的互作效应控制.     

小麦茎秆木质素代谢及其与抗倒性的关系

以抗倒性不同的6个小麦品种为材料,观测了茎秆基部第二节间的木质素含量及苯丙氨酸转氨酶(PAL)、酪氨酸解氨酶(TAL)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)和4-香豆酸: CoA连接酶(4CL)活性以及不同时期茎秆抗折力和倒伏指数的变化,探讨木质素含量与抗倒伏能力的关系。不同小麦品种的茎秆木质素含量存在明显差异。茎秆抗折力大、倒伏指数小的品种(济麦20和济麦22),其茎秆木质素含量高,PAL、TAL、CAD和4CL活性强。相关分析表明,茎秆木质素含量与实际倒伏率呈显著负相关(r = -0.83, P<0.05);与抗折力呈显著正相关(r = 0.86, P<0.05);PAL、TAL和CAD活性与木质素含量呈显著正相关(r =0.78, 0.77, 0.85, P<0.05),4CL活性与木质素含量呈不显著正相关(r =0.39, P>0.05)。研究表明,较高的PAL和CAD活性是木质素含量高的酶学基础,茎秆木质素含量可作为小麦品种抗倒伏性评价的一个重要指标。     

Analysis of Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption Process in Coping with Sudden Pollution of Chlorobenzene in Raw Water

Bench experiments were carried out to evaluate the removal of chlorobenzene in raw water by conventional water treatment process. And a batch system was applied to study the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of chlorobenzene(CB)from raw water by powdered activated carbon(PAC). The experimental data obtained were mathematically modeled with Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic model for the equilibrium isotherm and kinetics, respectively. It is shown that the conventional water treatment process can not remove chlorobenzene from water effectively. PAC can rapidly adsorb chlorobenzene with 80% and 98% of the equilibrium adsorption capacity at 5 min and 30 min, respectively. A theoretical formular was established to express the relation of PAC dose to the initial concentration of chlorobenzene and adsorption time, and it was verified by the results of bench experiments. The maximum concentration of chlorobenzene corresponding to different PAC dose was obtained with the adsorption time of 30 min.     

The EME rules of composed coal and rock samples with hard roof failure and their application

The electric magnetic emission (EME) rules of deformation and failure of composed coal and rock samples are studied by lab experiments and fractal theory. The results show that at the initial stage of loading, EME signals increase, then decline slightly and stay at a stable level. Substantial increase appears when the composed coal and rock samples are close to the main fracture, and EME signals decline slowly when they are in the stage of residual deformation. The EME signals have a positive exponent relation to roof ratio in the composed coal and rock samples. The EME pulse count has the fractal characteristic, and the fractal dimensions increase with the process of loading. When the composed coal and rock samples are close to main fracture, the fractal dimensions decline suddenly, and it has a positive linear relation to the ratio of roof in the composed coal and rock samples. With the achieved rules, the burst danger has been forecasted successfully in face 7251.