水稻旱作试种报告

通过引种旱稻95-13-5,研究抗旱栽培水稻效果。结果表明,在盘锦新开农场,7月末至9月初灌水1～3次、灌水总量在80～150m3/667m2情况下,施行旱作栽培,可获得625～651kg/667m2产量、生产成本降低100元/667m2以上显著的经济效益。     

夏玉米田作物蒸腾与棵间土壤蒸发模拟计算方法研究

本文依据能量平衡原理和质量守恒定律，提出了作物蒸腾与棵间土壤蒸发的估算模式，并对参数的估算做了详细的分析和讨论。最后利用试验区实测资料，通过田间水热耦合运移的数值模拟，对夏玉米田作物蒸腾棵间土壤蒸发模型及其模拟计算方法进行了验证，结果表明，本文提出的模型和模拟计算方法是有效而实用的。     

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide regulates oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AIM: To investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the protection against oxidative stress in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).METHODS: The rat model of COPD was established by cigarette smoking (CS) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation. Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, CS+LPS group, CS+LPS+NaHS (H₂S donor) group and CS+LPS+PPG (DL-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase) group. After 30 days, the lung functions of the rats were measured, the histological changes of lungs were observed under light microscope and the pathological scores were calculated. The H₂S level in plasma and the protein expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in the lung tissues were measured. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected to reflect oxidative stress.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the peak expiratory flow (PEF) decreased by 24% and intra-pressure (IP) increased by 66% in CS+LPS group. The pathological scores of the lung tissues also increased. Compared with CS+LPS group, no change in the lung function was observed after given NaHS or PPG, but the pathological scores decreased in CS+ LPS+ NaHS group. Compared with control group, the content of H₂S in plasma was increased by 26% on day 16. Compared with CS+LPS group, the content of H₂S in plasma of CS+LPS+PPG group was decreased by 22% after 30 days. Compared with control group, the protein expression of CSE increased, and no statistical difference among CS+LPS group, CS+ LPS+ NaHS group and CS+LPS+PPG group was observed. Compared with control group, MDA content in the lung tissues was increased by 24% in CS+LPS group, the activity of SOD was increased by 47% and the activity of CAT was increased by 52%. Compared with CS+LPS group, the MDA content in CS+LPS+NaHS group was decreased by 21%, and no statistical difference in the activity of SOD and CAT was observed. The activity of SOD decreased by 33% after given PPG.CONCLUSION: H₂S plays a role as anti-oxidant in the rats with COPD. The CSE/ H₂S pathway may be involved in the development of COPD.     

茶多酚对生长猪机体维生素E状态、抗氧化性能及肉质的影响

日粮添加维生素E对降低动物脂质过氧化具有重要作用,可以改善动物肉品质及动物健康状况。本试验在日粮中添加不同水平的茶多酚,研究其对生长猪维生素E状态、血浆抗氧化性能及肉质的影响。选择240头平均体重为(31.24±0.48)kg的三元猪,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复20头猪。试验共设计3种日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组在基础日粮中分别添加10和100 mg/kg茶多酚,试验共进行5周。结果显示:各处理组对生长猪试验初期和末期血浆总抗氧化力和铁还原力均无显著影响(P> 0.05),但对照组、10和100 mg/kg茶多酚添加组血浆试验末期铁还原力均显著高于试验初期(P <0.05)。日粮添加茶多酚对生长猪肝脏、肌肉、血浆α-生育酚和γ-生育酚含量均无显著影响(P> 0.05),其中肝脏生育酚含量最高,之后依次是肌肉、肺和血浆。日粮添加10或100 mg/kg茶多酚,肺中α-生育酚和γ-生育酚含量较对照组有提高趋势(P=0.09)。各组对生长猪肉质均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。日粮添加100 mg/kg茶多酚较对照组提高了生长猪屠宰后48 h肌肉的滴水损失。综上所述:生长猪日粮添加茶多酚对组织维生素E水平、血浆抗氧化力及肌肉品质无显著改善作用。     

猪结合珠蛋白基因的克隆、原核表达及单克隆抗体制备

本研究的目的在于利用重组猪结合珠蛋白(Haptoglobin,Hp)制备特异性单克隆抗体.以梅山猪肝脏总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR方法扩增猪hp基因,将其克隆到原核表达栽体pGEX-KG和pET-32a上,转化至E.coli BL21中,IPTG诱导下高效表达重组GST-Hp和HIS-Hp蛋白.用纯化的重组GST-Hp免疫BALB/c小鼠,用纯化的HIS-Hp作为包被抗原进行间接ELISA检测,通过淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术筛选阳性细胞株,制备单克隆抗体.结果表明筛选到2株高效分泌抗猪Hp单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为3B4和3C8.Western-blot和间接ELISA检测均表明制备的单克隆抗体具有良好的特异性.     

东海南部海域头足类群落结构特征及其与环境关系

为了研究杜氏枪乌贼(Uroteuthis duvaucelii)角质颚形态和生长特征,根据2015年9—10月在南海北部海域采集的样本,通过测定样本胴长(L_M)、体质量(M)和角质颚的形态值,建立胴长与体质量以及角质颚形态参数与胴长的关系,并利用方差分析法比较不同个体和性成熟度间杜氏枪乌贼角质颚形态的差异。结果表明,不同性别未成熟个体间胴长存在显著差异(P<0.01),雌性不同成熟度个体间体质量存在显著差异(P<0.01),胴长和体质量关系符合幂函数,未成熟和性成熟个体的生长系数b分别为2.22~2.25和1.75;性成熟与未成熟个体间角质颚形态值存在显著差异(P<0.01),不同性别未成熟个体间则不存在显著差异(P>0.05);选取的6个角质颚形态参数值与胴长的关系均符合线性生长模型;通过方差分析,认为不同胴长组之间,雌性杜氏枪乌贼角质颚形态存在显著差异(P<0.01),结合性成熟度分析,发现角质颚形态参数同时受到胴长与性成熟度间交互作用的影响(P<0.01)。     

空肠弯曲菌基因分型的研究进展

空肠弯曲菌(Campylobacter jejuni,CJ)系螺旋科弯曲菌属胎儿亚种,为一类微需氧嗜热革兰阴性人畜共患病病原体,对人的感染率不亚于沙门菌和志贺菌。现已发现该菌除了引起人类发烧、急性肠炎、反应性关节炎(RA)和格林-巴利综合征(GBS)等疾病外,还可引起牛和绵羊流产,火鸡肝炎和蓝冠病,童子鸡和雏鸡坏死性肝炎,雏鸡、犊牛、仔猪腹泻等多种疾病。CJ广泛分布于温带、亚热带和热带的国家或地区,常通过感染的畜禽污染肉类、牛奶、鸡蛋等食物,多途径传播。常规的流行病学方法一般不能非常准确地确定其传染源,因此分型研究就成为追溯CJ传染源,调…     

宁夏回族自治区平罗县主要农作物碳足迹研究

农田碳足迹可以全面地反映农作物生产过程中各种因素引起的碳排放效应,是指导农业生产节能减排的重要指标。为探明农作物生产的碳足迹,基于宁夏回族自治区平罗县农田生产的实地调查数据,利用碳足迹的基本理论和方法,测算了该县农作物碳足迹。结果表明,水稻、玉米和小麦的碳足迹分别为1 487.56±164.59,913.03±142.99和809.75±144.99kg Ce/(hm2.a);碳成本分别为0.17±0.05,0.08±0.02g和0.12±0.03kg Ce/kg;化肥的施用量是影响碳足迹的主要因素,而水稻生产过程中灌溉水及育秧过程也是其碳足迹较高的主要原因。为了提高农田固碳减排增汇效益,应压缩水稻种植面积,扩大玉米和小麦种植,同时,建立节肥低碳高效的种植模式是实现平罗县农田节能减排的有效途径。