多雨年份牛羊主要寄生虫病综合防制措施

由于今年我省降雨量偏多,部分地区已发生洪涝灾害,极易引发牛羊主要寄生虫病的暴发流行。为防止寄生虫病暴发造成重大经济损失,本文详细阐述了阻断牛羊主要寄生虫病传播的关键因素,并针对历年危害严重的东毕吸虫、肝片吸虫、胃肠道线虫和疥癣等几种主要寄生虫病的流行病学特点提出了综合防制措施,以期降低牛、羊主要寄生虫病的发生,提高牛、羊养殖业的经济效益。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Brewer's Grain or Fermented Brewer's Grain on Growth Performance,Immune Organ Index and Intestinal Flora of Meat Geese

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal replaced by brewer's grain (BSG) or fermented brewer's grain (FBSG) on growth performance,immune organ index and intestinal flora of meat geese.A total of 250 geese at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate.The geese in control group were fed a basal diet (with soybean);The geese in groups 1 and 2 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% BSG replacing the soybean,respectively;The geese in groups 3 and 4 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% FBSG replacing the soybean,respectively.The whole experiment period was 42 days,including three phases:15 d (early stage),14 d (middle stage) and 14 d (later stage).The results showed as follows:①From the whole experiment period,compared with control group,the ADG of geese in group 1 was significantly increased (P<0.05),the ADG and ADFI of geese in group 4 were significantly decreased (P<0.05),there were no obvious change in growth performance of geese in groups 2 and 3 (P>0.05).② Compared with control group,the thymus index and spleen index of geese in groups 1,2 and 3 were extremely significantly increased at early stage (P<0.01);At middle and later stages,the spleen index of geese in group 2 were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01);There were no significant differences in bursa of fabricius index of geese among all groups (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cecum in groups 1 and 2 were extremely significantly decreased at early and later stages (P<0.01),while the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were increased in different degrees;the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in cecum in groups 3 and 4 were extremely significantly increased at later stage (P<0.01).In conclusion,10% BSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could improve the growth performance and intestinal flora of meat geese;10% FBSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria of meat geese,but had no effect on growth performance;While 20% replacing soybean in the basal diet could decrease the feed intake and weight gain of meat geese,hinder its growth and development.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5、M蛋白基因的克隆及其基因疫苗构建

参照GenBank中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)美洲型代表株VR2332 GP5和M蛋白基因序列,设计并合成2对引物,用RT-PCR方法分别扩增出PRRSV野毒株GP5和M蛋白基因603,525bp片段,并将其分别克隆到pMD18-T载体。测序正确后,将GP5和M蛋白基因分别克隆到真核表达载体pEGFP-C1上,成功构建基因疫苗表达载体pEGP5-C1和pEM-C1。小鼠免疫试验证实,这些基因疫苗质粒可以诱导小鼠产生特异性抗体,并在二免后1周开始检测到特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应。     

基施硒钴配合肥对苜蓿生产性能的影响

经过2006-2008年为期3年在硒钴缺乏的河南省郑州市黄河滩区苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)草地上基施硒钴配合肥料,研究对其生产性能的影响,以期改善苜蓿生长环境和提高苜蓿产量和品质。结果表明,硒钴配合基施均能够显著提高现蕾到开花期苜蓿叶面积指数和净光合能力(P<0.05),提高苜蓿单位叶面积生产干物质的速率,有利于苜蓿的花前青干草生产;在4种硒钴配施肥中,以硒量570 g/hm²、钴量762 g/hm²配施效果最显著,2年内牧草平均增产8.0%(P<0.05),种子的千粒重提高了12.5%(P<0.01),耕作层地下生物量提高了4.6%。     

玉米酒精糟的营养价值及其对生长育肥猪肉品质的影响

玉米酒精糟(corn distillers dried grains with solubles,DDGS)是燃料乙醇工厂以玉米为原料发酵生产酒精的副产品,含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、有效磷和维生素,是一种良好的饲料原料。近年来,随着燃料乙醇工厂数量的增多、规模的扩大及加工工艺的改进,玉米DDGS的产量和质量也不断提高,并且被越来越多地用于养猪生产中。但是其中过高的脂肪含量,特别是不饱和脂肪酸,导致生长育肥猪的肉品质下降,对猪肉的货架期及深加工造成了一定的负面影响。作者综述了玉米DDGS的营养价值及其对猪肉品质的影响。     

支气管败血波氏杆菌外膜蛋白双向电泳图谱的建立

为建立支气管败血波氏杆菌(Bb)外膜蛋白(OMPs)双向电泳(2-DE)图谱,本研究利用碳酸钠法提取OMPs,并分别对裂解液、pH值、上样量、聚焦条件、染色方法等进行优化。2-DE结果表明,用裂解液5 MUrea、2 M Thiourea、2%CHAPS、2%SB3～10溶解蛋白,pH4～7的13 cm线性胶条考染上样量为750μg、银染上样量为75μg,聚焦条件为500 V,2 h,1 000 V,1 h,8 000 V,2∶30 h,8 000 V,4 h时,能获得聚焦良好、分离清晰的Bb OMPs图谱。本研究首次建立了Bb OMPs的2-DE图谱,为其蛋白质组学研究奠定了基础。     

《动物微生物学》实验教学模式的探讨

以《动物微生物学》课程整合和建设国家精品课为契机,加强实验教学。从引导学生树立安全节约、无菌操作、实事求是、学以致用的＂四种观念＂入手,培养＂四步学习＂方法,并以此为基础进行＂四层次＂教学,为锻炼学生实验技能提供合适平台,为个性发展提供充足空间。希望通过该教学模式改革与尝试,使动物医学专业的毕业生能够更准确、扎实地掌握各项微生物学实验操作技术,培养其解决实际问题和科技创新能力,为后续课程的学习以及就业或进一步深造奠定一定基础。     

山羊经济性状候选基因研究进展

通过对山羊经济性状候选基因和山羊经济性状的常用分子标记方法的研究,提出了小羊经济性状候选基因的研究意义,以亟利用这些信息选育产肉香、产毛好、产奶多的优良山羊新品种。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌吉林分离株camp基因的克隆、表达及间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立鸭疫里氏杆菌(RA)的血清学快速检测方法,本研究根据GenBank中登录的camp基因序列设计引物,以吉林RA分离株JL-1的基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增camp基因,并构建pET-camp重组表达质粒,转化至E.coli BL21 (DE3)中诱导表达出分子量约为37 ku重组蛋白,westemblot分析结果表明该蛋白能够与血清1、2、10、11和17型RA全菌体阳性血清发生特异性反应.以纯化的重组蛋白为包被抗原建立间接ELISA方法,结果显示其具有良好的特异性和重复性,与RA超声裂解抗原ELISA方法的符合率达到77.5％.研究结果进一步验证了Camp蛋白具有良好免疫原性,并且为RA多种血清型共同抗原,在RA的检测及亚单位疫苗开发中具有良好的应用价值.     

近30年来天水市关山南麓地区草地压力的动态变化

草地系统的安全健康关系到当地畜牧业的可持续发展。运用1978-2008年天水市关山南麓地区历年畜群数及清水、张家川气象站牧草生长期历年日照时数、平均温度及降水量测量值,构建评价该地草地压力的指数模型分析该地区畜群数、草地生产潜力及草地压力指数的动态变化。结果表明:近30年来天水市关山南麓地区畜群数随年份以1.76×104羊单位/a的速度逐年增加,草地生产潜力变化不大,草地生态压力指数以0.02/a的速度逐年上升。近5年来草地严重超载,畜群数已超过了草地的承载能力。适当限制畜群规模及扩大草地面积是未来当地畜牧业可持续发展的主要途径。