嫁接提高蔬菜作物抗逆性及其机制研究进展

嫁接广泛应用于蔬菜作物的生产实践中,可显著提高蔬菜作物抗逆性,提高蔬菜作物产量、改善品质。本文综述了近年来嫁接在提高蔬菜作物抗病性、耐盐性、耐寒性、耐热性、耐旱性、耐弱光、抗涝性和耐重金属胁迫方面的研究进展,重点阐述了嫁接提高蔬菜作物抗病性、耐盐性和耐寒性的生理及分子生物学机制,可为嫁接在蔬菜作物上的有效应用和抗逆栽培研究提供理论依据。     

一类半线性变系数抛物型方程的二阶差分格式

本文对一类半线性变系数抛物型方程初边值问题建立了一个二阶差分格式,证明了差分格式解的存在唯一性、关于初值的无条件稳定性和在L∞范数下阶数为O(2τ+h2)的收敛性,最后给出的数值算例验证了理论结果。     

保护利用瓢虫防治甘蔗绵蚜

1982～1985年,在广西武鸣华侨农场进行保护利用瓢虫控制蔗田绵蚜为害试验。主要措施是保护安全越冬、越夏。冬季室内饲养,室温18～20℃,相对湿度75～85％;翌年4月,大突肩瓢虫越冬存活率为62,96～82.92％;双带盘瓢虫存活率45.71～100％。保护安全越夏的最适室温为23～26℃,相对湿度75～85％,大突肩瓢虫越夏存活率为69.13％(当年第一代成虫)和53.8％(越冬代成虫)。双带盘瓢虫抗逆性较强,在一般室内即能越夏。4年来累计释放两种瓢虫的成、幼虫共44661头,防治蔗田绵蚜效果明显,减少蚜害株率96.6％、蚜害叶片率90％。     

马铃薯类病毒(PSTVd)非放射性标记cDNA探针制备及其在检测上的应用

 利用含PSTVd单体克隆的重组质粒pGEM PSTVd,通过PCR扩增技术,用生物素标记制备cDNA探针,进行杂交反应检测PSTVd,其中通过化学颜色反应进行判读灵敏度可达50pg,而用化学发光反应进行判读灵敏度可达5pg,分别是R-PAGE检测灵敏度的26倍和260倍,且2种反应特异性和专化性较强。cDNA核酸斑点杂交反应(NASH)检测PSTVd方法准确、灵敏度高,一次检测样品数量多,且对异地样品检测非常方便,是以往其它检测方法的有效补充。     

生长抑素基因疫苗质粒pEGS/2SS的构建及表达

将pcS／2SS中的乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）S基因及插入S基因中的生长抑素（somatostatin，ss）基因亚克隆到pUC19中，构建成pUSS／S质粒；PCR扩增pcS／SS中SS基因，调整阅读框，融合到pUSS／S质柱S基因后，构建成pUS／2SSG质粒；最后将S／2SSG融合基因克隆到pEGFPN1中EGFP基因的5’端，构建S／2SS-EGFP融合表达质粒pEGS／2SS。酶切、测序鉴定后脂质体包裹法将pEGS／2SS转染HeLa细胞，荧光显微镜下检测荧光，ELISA检测表达产物的SS免疫反应原性。酶切和测序鉴定表明，重组质粒pEGS／2SS构建成功。pEGS／2SS转染24h后的HeLa细胞检测到绿色荧光，72h检测到强烈荧光，表明融合基因在HeLa细胞获得高表达；ELISA证实融合蛋白具有SS的抗原抗体反应原性。质粒pEGS／2SS的成功构建及表达为生长抑素基因免疫的机理及安全性研究奠定了基础。     

芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对肉仔鸡cAMP/cGMP与免疫功能的影响

本试验研究了肉仔鸡日粮中添加芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对环核苷酸含量与免疫功能的影响。结果表明:芦荟凝胶、多糖和乙酰化甘露聚糖均能显著(P<0.05)增加肉鸡体重和肝脏重量,提高血浆和肝脏的cAMP和血浆、肝脏的cGMP水平,以及血浆和肝脏的cAMP/cGMP比值。注射绵羊红细胞,一免后,7 d抗体总量和IgG含量达到峰值。与对照组相比,一免后,7,11,14 d肉仔鸡的抗体总量和IgG值较高,差异显著(P<0.05);二免后,4 d抗体总量和IgG含量达到峰值,并长时间内维持高水平。二免后乙酰化甘露聚糖显著(P<0.05)提高了肉仔鸡对新城疫疫苗(NDV)的抗体水平,同时还增强了肉仔鸡对NDV的免疫应答。本研究表明乙酰化甘露聚糖能提高肉仔鸡的体液免疫功能。     

卵黄免疫球蛋白及其应用研究进展

卵黄免疫球蛋白IgY与哺乳动物IgG相比具有许多突出的优点,现已成为当今生物科学研究的热点.随着研究的深入,其应用也越来越广泛.本文介绍了卵黄抗体的结构与性质、制备方法及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展.     

Effect of L-carnitine on apoptosis and oxidant damage of cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation in vitro

AIM: To examine the effects of L-carnitine on apoptosis and oxidant injury in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and its possible mechanism. METHODS: The cultured cardiomyocytes were divided into three groups， control， A/R group （anoxia for 120 min, reoxygenation for 240 min） and L-carnitine treatment group, in which cells were exposed to 20 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L L-carnitine respectively at 2 h before anoxia. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were examined, and the apoptosis was determined by flow of cytometry (FCM). In addition, the ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: In A/R group, SOD and SDH activities were lower, the apoptosis rate and MDA content were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). In L-carnitine treatment group, SOD and SDH activities were higher, the apoptosis rate and MDA content were lower than those in A/R group, a L-carnitine concentration-dependent effect was found. Moreover, impairment of myocardial ultrastructure was more severe in A/R group than L-carnitine treatment group. CONCLUSION: L-carnitine can protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury in a dose-dependent manner.     

Effects of Ginkgolide B on glutamate-induced apoptosis and calcium overload in cultured rat cortical neurons

AIM: To observe the effects of ginkgolide B on the neuron apoptosis induced by glutamate and explore whether this effects are related to the changes of calcium in neurons. METHODS: Primary neuron culture was prepared according to a previously reported procedure with slight modification. Neuron damage was induced by 0.8 mmol/L glutamate. The cell survival rate was examined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. The neuron morphological changes, Hoechst 33258 unclear-staining analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA were measured as the indexes of cell apoptosis. Intracellular free Ca2+ concentration in neurons was measured by using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fura-2/AM. RESULTS: The cells, exposed to glutamate (0.8 mmol/L), showed characteristic change of apoptosis and calcium overload, which were relieved by the treatment of ginkgolide B (10-250 μmol/L), with survival increasing and cell morphology restoring and DNA fragment decreasing. CONCLUSIONS: Ginkgolide B prevents the neurons from glutamate neurotoxicity by inhibiting glutamate-induced apoptosis. The potential mechanism of its action may be related to the competitive PAF receptor binding of ginkgolide B and decreasing the intracellular calcium concentration in neurons.     

Effects of beta2-adrenergic blocker on cytosolic Ca2+ in isolated cardiomyocytes of rats with myocardial infarction

AIM: To investigate if beta2-adrenergic receptors result in more Ca2+ load after myocardial infarction (MI), the effects of beta2-adrenergic blocker on cytosolic Ca2+ (［Ca2+］i) were studied. METHODS: Male Wistar rats underwent a ligation of left coronary artery (n=9) or a sham operation (n=3). Cardiomyocytes were dissociated at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after MI and ［Ca2+］i was measured via fura-2 fluorescence. The response of cardiomyocytes to isoproterenol (1 μmol/L) in the presence or absence of atenolol (1 μmol/L), beta2-adrenergic blocker ICI118,551 (0.1 μmol/L) or propranolol (1 μmol/L) was examined. RESULTS: ICI118,551 suppressed the increase in ［Ca2+］i induced by isoproterenol at 4 and 8 weeks after MI (24.5%±5.7% vs 57.8%±13.2%, P<0.01; 12.2%±7.9% vs 44.6%±11.3%, P<0.01), but had no effects in control and 2 weeks post-MI groups. It decreased ［Ca2+］i in control and the three post-MI groups by 14.3%, 7.9%, 57.6% and 72.6%, respectively. Atenolol had suppressive effects only in control and 2 weeks post-MI groups (P<0.05). Propranolol had suppressive effects in control and all three post-MI groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Beta 2-adrenergic blocker ICI118,551 exerts negative effects on ［Ca2+］i after MI, and the effects dramatically increase with the progression of MI.