Variation and heritability of morphological and physiological traits among Leymus chinensis genotypes under different environmental conditions

Intraspecific trait variation and heritability in different environmental conditions not only suggest a potential for an evolutionary response but also have important ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. However, the contribution of quantitative trait variation within a grassland species to evolutionary responses or ecological consequences is seldom documented. Leymus chinensis is an important dominant species in semi-arid grasslands of China, which has seriously suffered from drought and high temperature stresses in recent decades. In the present study, we measured variation and heritability of 10 quantitative traits, namely the number of tillers, maximum shoot height, number of rhizomes, maximum rhizome length, rhizome mass, aboveground mass, root mass, maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax), specific leaf area(SLA), and leaf length to leaf width ratio(LL/LW), for 10 genotypes of L. chinensis under one non-stress(Ck) condition and three environmental stress conditions(i.e., drought(Dr), high temperature(Ht), and both drought and high temperature(DrHt)). Result indicated that(1) the interaction of genotype and environmental condition(G×E) was significant for 6 traits but not significant for the other 4 traits as shown by two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), suggesting that different selection forces were placed for different traits on the factors dominating phenotypic responses to different environmental conditions. Moreover, these significant G×E effects on traits indicated significantly different phenotypic adaptive responses among L. chinensis genotypes to different environmental conditions. Additionally, individuals could be grouped according to environmental condition rather than genotype as shown by canonical discriminant analysis, indicating that environmental condition played a more important role in affecting phenotypic variation than genotype;(2) by one-way ANOVA, significant differences among L. chinensis genotypes were found in all 10 traits under Ck and Dr conditions, in 8 traits under Dr Ht condition and only in 4 traits under Ht condition; and(3) all 10 traits showed relatively low or non-measurable broad-sense heritability(H_2) under stress conditions. However, the lowest H_2 value for most traits did not occur under DrHt condition, which supported the hypothesis of 'unfavorable conditions have unpredictable effects' rather than 'unfavorable conditions decrease heritability'. Results from our experiment might aid to improve predictions on the potential impacts of climate changes on L. chinensis and eventually species conservation and ecosystem restoration.     

玉米耐旱性鉴定与耐旱性育种初报

选择自然生态条件下对玉米的耐旱性进行鉴定试验,并对玉米耐旱性鉴定方法和玉米耐旱性生态育种的若干问题进行了讨论。     

烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis滞育诱导研究

研究了不同温度、光周期以及温光组合条件对烟蚜茧蜂滞育诱导的效果。结果表明,僵蚜形成前,各种温度、光周期及温光组合条件均著的作用。僵蚜形成后,低温可大量诱导产生滞育,０℃处理３０ｄ,６０％以上个体进入滞育,而光周期的诱导作用仍不明显。作者认为你温是引起烟蚜茧蜂滞育的主要因素,处理的敏感时期为老熟幼虫－预肾期。滞育虫态为肾。     

Optimal design of scroll compressor’s profiles with key parameters preference

Aiming at the problem around single optimal objective and solution selection without considering designer’s preference, optimal objective function combing maximum compression ratio and maximum coefficient of volume utilization is proposed in a liner weighting model based on defined variables. Furthermore, the main factors’ influence is evaluated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for its advantage of dealing with qualitative analysis data. The second selective preference is achieved by normalization and second liner weighting. The validity of the method is illustrated by a case study.     

新疆兵团九师退化天然草地补播改良效果分析

在新疆兵团九师不同类型退化天然草地典型区域,选择豆科、禾本科牧草混播开展补播试验2年,结果表明：补播当年各播入种出苗率均达85%以上,且都能安全越冬;第2年各牧草返青达80%以上,山地草甸类杂类草＋鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata ）型、温性草原类针茅（Stipa capillata ）＋羊茅（Fes-tuca ovina ）型和温性草原类羊茅＋冷蒿（Artemisia frigida ）型草地干草产量分别比对照（未补播）显著（P 〈0.01）提高了114%,125%和109%;豆、禾牧草比例明显增加,草群结构趋于合理;各草地群落高度、盖度、密度都显著（P 〈0.01）高于对照,山地草甸区补播效果最明显,分别增加了34 cm,40.8%和265株/m2;豆、禾牧草对不同草地类型区域适应性不同,山地草甸区豆科牧草补播改良效果优于禾本科,温性草原区二者表现刚好相反。     

氯酸钾不同施用方式对“桂冠早”龙眼花期调控和开花结果的影响

以"桂冠早"龙眼为试材,随机选择12株长势相近植株施用氯酸钾,设置叶面喷施、土施、叶面喷施+土施和对照(清水)等4个处理,观测不同处理开花结果状况,并测定叶片叶绿素和碳水化合物含量以及果实品质,明确氯酸钾对龙眼成花和花期调控的影响。结果表明,施用氯酸钾可以在一定程度上促进龙眼成花,降低落果率并提高产量,但果实品质会受到一定影响。12月初施用氯酸钾对龙眼正季开花有一定的推迟作用,但推迟效果并不显著。其中,催花效果最好的是叶面喷施+土施处理,土施次之,叶面喷施作用不明显。     

2011—2019年山东省部分规模猪场猪瘟免疫效果监测

为了解山东省规模猪场的猪瘟免疫效果及变化趋势,2011—2019年在16个地市717个规模猪场,采集血清样品22 465份,采用猪瘟抗体ELISA方法进行抗体检测,并比对不同年份和不同场点的免疫水平。结果显示:2011—2019年,全省16个地市种猪场的场群免疫合格率为73.84%,个体合格率为77.54%;商品代猪场的场群免疫合格率为63.96%,个体免疫合格率为71.79%。从不同年份看,规模猪场的猪瘟免疫抗体水平呈波浪状变化,2011—2012年免疫水平较高,2013—2014年较低,2015—2016年再次升高,2017—2019年免疫水平又出现下降;从不同场点看,无论是个体免疫效果,还是群体免疫效果,种猪场均优于商品代猪场。结果表明,山东省规模猪场的总体猪瘟免疫抗体水平不高且不稳定,因而规模猪场应持续加强猪瘟的免疫和监测,尤其是商品代猪群,以降低猪瘟的发生风险。     

己酸二乙胺基乙醇酯气相色谱分析

论述了以邻苯二甲酸二乙酸酯为内标，用HP－5色谱柱，氢火焰检测器，气谱法对DA－6进行定量分析。方法标准偏差为0．01，变异系数0．79％，回收率为99．5％－100．5％。     

重组禽流感病毒二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-8株和H7N9 H7-Re1株)对雉免疫效果的研究

为评估重组禽流感病毒二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-8株和H7N9 H7-Re1株)对雉的免疫保护效果,选取30日龄的雉,按照免疫程序首免后21 d,加强免疫1次,分别于接种前和接种后定期采血,分离血清,检测H5、H7亚型HI抗体滴度。结果显示,免疫前,雉血清中H5、H7亚型HI抗体滴度均为0;免疫后14 d,H5和H7亚型抗体平均滴度分别达到7.0log2和7.07log2,49 d后平均滴度达到峰值,分别为8.04log2和9.20log2;H5亚型免疫有效期可达105 d以上,H7亚型可达189 d以上。结果表明,重组禽流感病毒二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-8株+H7N9 H7-Re1株)对雉具有良好的免疫保护效果且安全性良好,但疫苗免疫49 d后,H5、H7抗体效价逐渐下降,133 d后明显下降,群体免疫合格率低于70%,因此生产中推荐,30日龄首免后,51日龄和5月龄各加强免疫1次。本研究为珍稀禽的禽流感免疫疫苗选择和程序制定提供了参考。     

无籽西瓜新品种新优38号的选育

新优38号为中早熟无籽西瓜一代杂种,母本S401-1是利用秋水仙碱诱变获得的四倍体自交系,父本H201是从二倍体材料中选出的抗病、优质自交系。该品种全生育期90 d(天)左右,果实发育期32 d(天)左右;果实椭圆形,新疆地区露地栽培果形指数1.25左右,南方地区露地栽培果形指数1.15左右;果皮浅绿色覆深绿色宽条带,光滑美观,果皮厚约1.0 cm;瓤鲜红色,质脆多汁,口感风味好,中心可溶性固形物含量11.4 %左右,白色秕籽小而少;单果质量4～6 kg,每667 m2产量3 500 kg左右。