中西医结合治疗羊传染性胸膜肺炎

<正>羊传染性胸膜肺炎是肺泡、细支气管和肺间质发生的炎症。不同年龄的羊只均可发生该病而且传染速度快。2007年11月至2008年12月共收治羊传染性胸膜肺炎335例,其中治愈319例,总有效率95%以上,收到了良好治疗效果。现将诊疗情况报告如下,供同行参考。     

钙蛋白酶系统在动物营养中的应用

钙蛋白酶(Calpain)系统包括钙蛋白酶、钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(Calpastatin)和钙蛋白酶激活蛋白(CalpainActivator)。研究表明,钙蛋白酶系统通过参与肌原纤维蛋白的降解过程从而影响肌肉生长及肉的嫩化。胞内Calpain活性受多种因素的调节,包括钙需要量、自溶裂解、磷脂的作用、钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白和激活蛋白等,然而对于体内钙蛋白酶的活性如何调控的争议仍然存在。     

Identification of polymorphisms and association analysis with meat quality traits in the porcine KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B genes

Skeletal muscle genes are potential candidates for production and meat quality. Screening a subtracted cDNA library constructed with mRNA obtained from longissimus dorsi muscles of F1 hybrids Landrace × Yorkshire and their female parents Yorkshire, we isolated two partial sequences coding for the H3-K4-specific methyltransferase (KIAA1717) and skeletal muscle myosin regulatory light chain (HUMMLC2B) genes. Database search revealed KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B encoded proteins with SET domain and EF-hand calcium binding motif, respectively. In the present work we identified their partial polymorphisms and two SNPs, one (C1354T) at the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of KIAA1717 and one (A345G) at the SINE (PRE-1) element of HUMMLC2B, both created/disrupted a restriction site for endonuclease Msp I. The selected pigs were genotyped at the KIAA1717 C1354T and HUMMLC2B A345G sites by means of a PCR-RFLP protocol. Significant associations were observed for the KIAA1717 C1354T polymorphic site with meat marbling (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)) and intramuscular fat (p < 0.01). HUMMLC2B A345G were significantly associated with meat pH (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)), drip loss (p < 0.01), water holding capacity (p < 0.01) and meat color value (longissimus doris (p < 0.01), biceps femoris (p < 0.05)). Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.     

氮硅添加对高寒草甸生物量和多样性的影响——以青藏高原为例

草地施肥多集中于添加氮肥与磷肥,很少涉及硅肥。硅作为对植物有益的一种元素,能提高植物对环境的抗性,促进植物的生长。本研究以青藏高原高寒草甸为研究对象,通过添加不同组合的氮肥和硅肥,研究群落地上生物量和生物多样性的变化。结果表明,氮肥和硅肥的添加均能提高群落的地上生物量,然而硅肥提高群落地上生物量的幅度远低于氮肥;在添加氮肥导致群落物种多样性下降的同时,添加硅肥可以缓解群落多样性下降的趋势;硅肥的生物学功能在群落水平上存在着最佳浓度效应。同时,我们推测硅肥在维持群落中杂草的存活率上发挥着积极的作用,并通过比较不同硅肥处理时,杂草生物量所占群落生物量比重的变化,支持了上述推测。     

Neutrophil apoptosis during the resolution of bovine mammary gland injury

The role of neutrophil apoptosis in the resolution of bovine mammary gland injury induced by intramammary administration of physiological buffered saline (PBS) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. Twenty mammary glands of five non-pregnant heifers were used in the two studies and each animal received both stimuli. Samples of cell populations were collected by mammary gland lavages before and 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after treatment and examined by light microscopy and staining for myeloperoxidase (MPO). A marked influx of neutrophils into the mammary gland was observed 24 hours after stimulation. At the same time, apoptotic neutrophils and MPO-positive macrophages (MAC) were identified in the samples. The numbers increased to reach maximum values at 48 hours after stimulation with PBS and at 72 hours after stimulation with LPS. The observed differences in the length of the resolution period indicate that neutrophil viability can be modulated by delaying the apoptotic process. Apoptosis of neutrophils and their subsequent phagocytosis by MAC can be regarded as a significant mechanism in the removal of neutrophils from the acutely injured mammary glands and, hence, in the resolution of bovine mastitis.     

狗牙根草坪冬季盖播黑麦草的可行性研究

用2种黑麦草在广州赛马会高尔夫球练习场的狗牙根草坪上进行了冬季盖播可行性试验。结果表明，冬季盖播黑麦草后，盖播处理区的狗牙根草坪同没有盖播的对照区草坪相比，绿期延长，同时其它坪用性状也明显提高，因而证明，在广州地区的狗牙根草坪上用黑麦草进行了加绿盖播是完全可行而必要的。同时试验结果表明，草坪型黑麦草盖播草坪的坪用性状远远好于牧草型黑麦草的盖播处理。此外，合理的施肥和播量等因素也将直接影响盖播草坪的冬季坪用性状以及夏枯时狗牙根草坪的恢复生长。播量以20g/m^2最为理想，可根据建植和管理水平酌情增减。生长前期以高施肥（90g/m^2）为宜，夏枯前后的过渡阶段，以低施肥（45g/m^2）为佳。     

Immune responses and protective efficacy of a recombinant swinepox virus co-expressing HA1 genes of H3N2 and H1N1 swine influenza virus in mice and pigs

The recombinant swine poxvirus rSPV/H3-2A-H1 co-expressing HA1 genes of H3N2 and H1N1 subtype SIV has been constructed and identified. Inoculations of rSPV/H3-2A-H1 yielded ELISA and neutralization antibodies against SIV H1N1 and H3N2, and elicited potent H1N1 and H3N2 SIV-specific INF-γ response from T-lymphocytes in mice and pigs in this study. Complete protection against SIV H1N1 or H3N2 challenge in pigs was observed.     

A physiologically based pharmacokinetics model for florfenicol in crucian carp and oral‐to‐intramuscular extrapolation

Yang, F., Sun, N., Sun, Y. X., Shan, Q., Zhao, H. Y., Zeng, D. P., Zeng, Z. L. A physiologically based pharmacokinetics model for florfenicol in crucian carp and oral‐to‐intramuscular extrapolation. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.  36 , 192–200. In this study, an oral physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model was developed for florfenicol in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Subsequently, oral‐to‐intramuscular extrapolation was performed and the two models were used to predict florfenicol concentrations in the edible tissues of crucian carp. The oral model gave good predictions in most tissues, except for kidney and liver in which the florfenicol concentrations were underestimated at the later time points. In contrast, using the intramuscular model, the concentrations in the kidney were overestimated at the later time points. Both models had the best predictive ability in the main edible tissue, the muscle. The oral model also accurately predicted the florfenicol concentrations in the muscle after multiple doses. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of predicting florfenicol concentrations in the edible tissues of crucian carp using a route‐to‐route extrapolation method.