水肥一体化对山地鲜桑椹商品性状的影响

为探索不同为微地形条件下水肥一体化工程技术对干热河谷区桑园果桑商品性状的影响,以盐边县刚成熟、正成熟和过成熟的鲜桑椹为研究对象,对比坡面雨养区(DN)、沟道两旁雨养区(WN)、坡面（水肥一体化）灌溉施肥区(DF)和沟道两旁（水肥一体化）灌溉施肥区(WF)桑椹的果长、果径、体积、质量、密度、果形指数和糖度的差异。结果表明：（1）灌溉施肥可以影响桑椹结果的物候特征,加速桑椹成熟。（2）灌溉施肥、微地形、灌溉施肥和微地形的交互作用对鲜桑椹的果长、果径、体积和果形指数具有极显著影响。（3）成熟度可以显著影响鲜桑椹的果长、果径和体积,但对鲜桑椹果形指数的影响不显著。 （4）在灌溉施肥条件(DF、WF)下,桑椹的成熟度越高,其密度和质量越高;在DN区,过成熟桑椹的密度和质量显著高于刚成熟和正成熟的桑椹;而在WN区,正成熟桑椹的密度质量显著高于过成熟和刚成熟的桑椹密度。（5）平均糖度最高的为WF区的过成熟桑椹,平均糖度高达18.01%,而最低的为WN区的刚成熟桑椹,平均糖度仅为11.76%。（6）DN区和WN区桑椹的商品性状的差异主要是外形和糖度的差异,WN区的桑椹比DN区糖度低、外形大。（7）WF区桑椹与DF区桑椹的商品性状差异不大。上述结果揭示了水分和养分供给调控桑椹商品性状的内在机制,即水分供应可促进鲜桑椹变大变重,施肥可让鲜桑椹口味更甜。     

家蚕原种人工饲料适应性品系的选拔

研究了家蚕中、日系原种与杂交种对人工饲料适应性的差异；经累代定向选择，建立了苏５、青松人工饲料适应性品系，该品系对人工饲料适应性比非选拔系有明显提高，配以优良的原种饲料，进行原种稚蚕人工饲料育，综合成绩基本达到桑叶育水平。     

公兔效应对虎皮黄兔肉用性能影响的研究

本试验以虎皮黄兔为母本，以比利时、德国花巨、加里福尼亚为父本，分析公兔效应对其后代主要肉用性状的影响。结果表明，比利时公兔的增重正效应最好（Ｐ＜０．０１）；加里福尼亚公兔的屠宰率正效应最大（Ｐ＜０．０１）；虎皮黄兔的肉质最好。     

浅淡松嫩草地的类型及其利用

本文介绍了松嫩草地的自然概况,对该区的干草原、草甸草原、草甸、沼泽等草地类型的面积、产量、质量、植物组成、着生土壤等进行了比较详细的论述。在分析了该区草地利用现状和存在问题的基础上,提出了加强松嫩草地的管理保护,加快草地建设步伐,建立一定数量的人工草地和广辟饲料来源,减轻对草地压力等方面的建议。     

鸡马立克氏病Z4＋Fc126双价活疫苗配比试验

本研究用不同剂量的Ｚ４和Ｆｃ１２６配制成鸡马立克氏病双价活疫苗做配比试验。２个试验８种配比的Ｚ４和Ｆｃ１２６双介活疫苗免疫易感鸡，攻毒保护试验结果表明，Ｚ４无论与Ｆｃ１２６细胞结合毒还是与Ｆｃ１２６冻干毒配成双价活疫苗，均能给免疫鸡群提供坚强的免疫保护力，Ｚ４与Ｆｃ１２６间存在很强的免疫协同作用，即使Ｚ４剂量小至仅占疫苗病毒ＰＦＵ总数的１０％，这种协同作用仍能使免疫鸡群产生较强的免疫保护力。     

蓝狐消化道显微结构

本文应用光学显微镜对蓝狐消化道显微结构进行了较为详细的观察，并与其它动物进行了比较。结果表明，蓝狐食管腺数量较多，苏木素深染，胃贲门腺区为邻接贲门约１．４ｍｍ左右的狭长区，其中贲门腺不含壁细胞及主细胞，由柱状细胞构成。胃底腺壁细胞含量较多。十二指肠仅在近幽门１ｃｍ的范围内具有粘膜下腺。在十二指肠部，胆管在粘膜下层形成长约１．５－２ｃｍ的壁内段。     

Association of SNPs in GnRH gene with sperm quality traits of Chinese water buffalo

Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) controls the activity of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and plays a key role in the reproductive performance of animals. In this study, five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely g.991T > C, g.1041T > C g.3424T > C, g.3462C > A and g.3463Inde A, were detected in the GnRH gene of 162 water buffaloes by Sanger sequencing. Each SNP was associated with more than two sperm quality traits of ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, post-thaw sperm motility and sperm abnormality. g.3424T > C and g.3462C > A were related to these four traits and had a remarkable effect on ejaculate volume. The three other SNPs were related to sperm concentration, post-thaw sperm motility and sperm abnormality. Moreover, six haplotypes (H1: TCCAI, H2: CTTC-, H3: TCCCI, H4: CTTA-, H5: CCTA- and H6: CTCC-) composed of five SNPs comprising seven different combined genotypes were generated by linkage disequilibrium analysis. Statistics followed by one-way ANOVA indicated that water buffaloes with the haplotype combination H1H1 had the highest genotypic frequency, and those with the H4H4 haplotype combination had the highest ejaculate volume. The sperm concentration of those with haplotype combination H1H5 was higher than that of the other genotypes. In summary, our study showed a remarkable association between the SNPs of GnRH and sperm quality traits of Chinese water buffalo.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of emulsifier and carbohydrase on the growth performance,serum cholesterol and breast meat fatty acids profile of broiler chickens

A total of 540 2‐day‐old male Ross 308 broilers were used in a 35‐day experiment and were randomly divided into five treatments: (i) NC (low energy); (ii) PC (high energy diet); (iii) P1 (NC + 0.1% carbohydrases); (iv) P2 (NC + 0.05% emulsifier); and (v) P3 (NC + 0.1% carbohydrases + 0.05% emulsifier). From days 0 to 21, body weight gain in PC and P3 treatments increased (P < 0.05) compared with NC treatment. The chicks fed PC, P1, P2 and P3 improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio compared with the NC treatment throughout the whole experiment. Abdominal fat weight was heavier (P < 0.05) in PC, P2 and P3 treatments than in NC and P1 treatments. On day 35, serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were higher (P < 0.05) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower (P < 0.05) in NC and P2 treatments than in PC, P1 and P3 treatments. The concentration of oleic acid, linoleic acid and total unsaturated fatty acids were highest (P < 0.05) in PC than in the other treatments. In conclusion, the results indicate that low energy density diet had lower growth performance, while the inclusion of emulsifier and carbohydrases in low energy diets can partially improve growth performance.     

饲料中添加发酵中药对文昌鸡肝毒性研究

中药渣经微生物发酵可减少抗营养因子,增强功效,试验旨在研究饲料添加发酵中药渣对文昌鸡肝脏毒性影响。试验选用体重、日龄相近文昌鸡(43日龄,母)192只,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复6只。发酵中药渣添加水平为0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%,试验为期4周。结果显示,与组1相比,2、3、4组血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、葡萄糖(GLU)含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。与组1相比,2、3组肝脏组织AST含量显著升高(P<0.05);3组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量显著升高(P<0.05),4组ALT含量显著降低(P<0.05);2、3、4组碱性磷酸酶(AKP)含量显著升高(P<0.05);3、4组肝脏组织中GLU和总蛋白(TP)显著升高(P<0.05)。表明,饲料中添加发酵中药渣可减少文昌鸡肝细胞损伤,促进肝脏的合成代谢和贮备功能,其中以1.0%添加量最适。     

案例分析——美国西尼罗河热疫情的暴发与防控

自1999年美国报道首例人西尼罗河病毒(WNV)感染以来,已出现了41 000多例临床感染病例和1 700多例死亡病例。1999年至2012年间,美国因人感染WNV住院造成的花费累计约7.78亿美元。同时,马属动物的治疗和免疫接种及WNV的监控也给美国带来了更严重的经济负担。针对WNV感染,美国采取了一系列防控措施,如建立国家虫媒病毒监测系统(ArboNET)、控制流行地区蚊虫、开发新型诊断方法、实施疫苗免疫等。但是,由于美国至少有65种蚊子能够传播WNV,感染WNV的候鸟可长距离传播病毒,加之季节、气候、人类活动等因素,导致WNV在美国难以根除。本案例提示我国应注重完善国家外来人兽共患病监测系统和实验室诊断方法 ;加强公共卫生实验室能力建设;利用大数据,建立WNV长期预警模型;确定理想的哨兵动物;加强政府与企业的合作以及疫苗、驱蚊剂的研发;加强宣传,突出防控重点。