咖啡短体线虫分子鉴定

本实验采用单条线虫法提取DNA,rDNA-ITS-PCR技术扩增目的片段(ITS1、5.8S、ITS2和部分的18S和28S),将此片段纯化回收,克隆测序分析,与GenBank比对,结果为:该种群的基因序列与AY561436(基因库编号)的相似度为92.3%,与AB053485的相似度为91.3%.分子鉴定结果与形态鉴定该线虫为咖啡短体线虫.     

一步法RT-PCR和两步法RT-PCR对马铃薯病毒诊断研究的比较

本研究采用试剂盒和Total试剂两种方法从马铃薯叶片和茎秆中提取总RNA,同时设计了一步法RT-PCR和两步法RT-PCR的反应体系,依据马铃薯X病毒、马铃薯Y病毒、马铃薯S病毒、马铃薯A病毒以及马铃薯卷叶病毒的基因组RNA保守序列设计特异性引物对,并运用两种RT-PCR反应体系对染病的马铃薯进行病毒检测,结果与报道的这五种马铃薯病毒核苷酸序列进行BLAST比对, 表明扩增的五种马铃薯病毒靶带的序列与靶序列完全一致。两种诊断方法对马铃薯病毒核酸进行浓度检测,结果证明,两步法RT-PCR具有较高灵敏性。但这两种方法均可快速、简便、有效地诊断马铃薯病毒。     

乙醛脱氢酶基因（ALDH）转化番茄的研究

乙醛脱氢酶基因（ALDH）为目的基因,构建了pBI-ALDH 植物表达载体,番茄品系03HN31子叶为外植体,经发根农杆菌（Agrobacterium rhizogens）介导采用共培养法转化番茄。通过分子生物学技术（PCR、Southern杂交、RT-PCR）和抗逆相关生理指标测定（相对电导率及丙二醛含量）相结合的方法对转化番茄植株进行检测,研究结果表明：乙醛脱氢酶基因（ ALDH ）导入并整合到番茄的基因组中,在转录水平上可以稳定表达;在干旱、高盐和低温胁迫条件下,转基因番茄植株和对照株的相对电导率和丙二醛含量有差异,证明转化番茄植株的质膜受损程度有所降低,抗氧化胁迫性能有所提高,转化率为10.78%。     

Production of mutants with high cold tolerance in spring canola (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis>)

A major factor affecting spring canola (Brassica napus) production in Canada is killing frosts during seedling development in the spring and seed maturation in the fall. The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of producing spring canola lines with mutations that have altered biochemical pathways that increase cold tolerance. The approach was to generate UV point mutations in cultured microspores followed by chemical in vitro selection of individual mutant microspores or embryos resulting in measurable alterations to various biochemical pathways with elevated levels of key defense signaling molecules such as, salicylic acid (SA), p-Fluoro-d,l-Phenyl Alanine (FPA), and jasmonic acid (JA). In addition, since proline (Pro) is known to protect plant tissues in the cold-induced osmotic stress pathway, mutants that overproduce Pro were selected in vitro by using three Pro analogues: hydroxyproline (HP), azetidine-2-carboxylate (A2C); and, 3,4-dehydro-d,l-proline (DP). Of the 329 in vitro selected mutant embryos produced, 74 were identified with significant cold tolerance compared to their donor parents through indoor freezer tests at −6°C, and 19 had better winter field survival than winter canola checks. All chemically selected mutant doubled haploids with increased cold tolerance compared well with parent lines for all seed quality and agronomic parameters. Development of increased frost tolerant cultivars should allow for spring canola to be produced in western Canada without compromising seed quality.     

藠头与日本肯定列表略论

通过调查分析,结合实地考查,对藠头产业应对日本"肯定列表制度"进行了系统的分析和总结,并提出了相关建议。     

DNA profiling and genetic diversity of Korean soybean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> (L.) Merrill) landraces by SSR markers

Approximately 7,000 accessions of Korean soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) landraces, largely composed of three collections, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute’s soybean (KAS), the Korean Crop Experiment Station’s soybean (KLS) and the Korean Agricultural Development and Technology Center’s soybean (KADTC) collections, have been conserved at the Rural Development Administration (RDA) genebank in Korea. The accessions within collections were classified based on their traditional uses such as sauce soybean (SA), sprouted soybean (SP), soybean for cooking with rice (SCR), and OTHERS. A total of 2,758 accessions of Korean soybean landraces were used to profile and to evaluate genetic structure using six SSR loci. A total of 110 alleles were revealed by at the six SSR loci. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 9 to 39 in Satt187 and Satt_074, respectively. The number of alleles ranged from 87 in the KADTC collection to 96 in the KLS collection, and from 63 in the SCR group to 95 in the SP group. Nei’s average genetic diversity ranged from 0.68 to 0.70 across three collections, and 0.64 to 0.69 across the usage groups. The average between-group differentiation (G _st) was 0.9 among collections, and 4.1 among the usage groups. The similar average diversity among three collections implies that the genetic background of the three collections was quite similar or that there were a large number of duplicate accessions in three collections. The selection from the four groups classified based upon usage may be a useful way to select accessions for developing a Korean soybean landrace core collection at the RDA genebank. DNA profile information of accessions will provide indications of redundancies or omissions and aid in managing the soybean collection held at the RDA genebank. The information on diversity analysis could help to enlarge the genetic diversity of materials in breeding programs and could be used to develop a core collection.     

库尔勒香梨保鲜状况及贮藏中的新问题

库尔勒香梨是新疆特色的传统优势梨,不少学者认为库尔勒香梨是瀚海梨和鸭梨的自然杂交种。近年来,它已成为中国香港、东南亚市场上具有较强竞争力的水果。但是库尔勒香梨在贮藏过程中存在很多问题,严重影响了其销售量和经济效益,大大降低了商品价值,带来了较大的经济损失。     

两种植物冠层分析仪测量夏玉米LAI结果比较分析

植物冠层分析仪测量作物叶面积指数存在高估或低估现象,不同仪器的测量结果均与真实值存在差异,这种差异除了与仪器有关,还在不同的作物物候期表现出不同规律。本研究使用LAI-2000、Sunscan两种主流植物冠层分析仪测量夏玉米不同生育期LAI,并与LI-3000C叶面积仪实测结果比较。研究发现：当玉米LAI<1时,LAI-2000测量结果高于实际值,Sunscan测量结果与实际值无显著差异;12时,两种冠层分析仪测量结果均低于实际叶面积指数;不同LAI范围内,LAI-2000、Sunscan测量值与实际值的相关系数不同,最高可达0.9778和0.9637,通过建立测量值和实际值的经验关系模型,对仪器测量值进行校正可减少误差。     

转基因抗虫保铃棉(Bollgard~ひ)检测方法研究

运用常规 PCR方法和实时荧光 PCR方法对转基因抗虫保铃棉外源基因 Ca MV 35 S启动子、NOS终止子、标记基因NPT II和目的基因 Cry IA(c)进行了检测。建立了快速、准确的抗虫保铃棉籽转基因成分的 PCR检测方法。     

“云南小麦”(Triticum aestivum ssp.yun-nanense King)的考察与研究

1979年和1980年我们对金善宝教授命名的“云南小麦”亚种进行了考察和研究。查明“云南小麦”分布在云南省澜沧江和怒江下游十二个县,约在北纬22°54′—25°03′和东经95°36°—100°85′左右。“云南小麦”生长在海拔1500米至2500米之间的高山区,而以1900米至2300米地带种植较多。原产地年均温15℃、年雨量1480mm 左右。小