数字图像处理在植物新品种鉴定中的应用

随着分子生物学和信息技术的发展,指纹图谱技术已成为品种鉴定的重要手段。本文从目前人工鉴定指纹图谱的方法出发,提出了利用计算机的图像处理技术来实现指纹图谱鉴定的方法以及实现技术。     

沙地樟子松树坨移栽技术研究

为提高沙地大树移栽成活率 ,尽快成林 ,本文论述了沙地移栽大树坨成败因素、方法 ,提出樟子松树坨以 6～ 8年生为最佳 ,超过 10a不宜移栽。同时提出沙地树坨移栽的 2种新方法     

生物多样性的形成、维持机制及其宏观研究方法

关于生物多样性的形成与维持机制 ,虽有众多假说 ,但均未形成完善的理论体系。不同的学者从不同的角度出发 ,研究了诸多生态因子与生物多样性的关系 ,得出了许多结论、导出了不少争议。本文主要简述了生物因子 (如生产力、生物量、种间关系、土壤微生物 )和非生物因子 (干扰与空间异质性、气候、土壤因子等 )与生物多样性之间的相互作用机理、人类活动对生物多样性的影响 ,以及在生物多样性影响机制研究中所用的 3S技术与数学方法。总之 ,我们应坚持综合作用的观念 ,从不同的时间和空间尺度、在不同的对象层次上 ,全面、深入地研究各类生物和非生物因子与生物多样性之间的相互作用机理 ,才能得出关于生物多样性的形成与维持机制的全面、完善的理论     

Analysis of the change in the original Metasequoia glyptostroboides population and its environment in Lichuan, Hubei from 1948 to 2003

Lichuan, located at the foot of the Wuling Mountain in southwest Hubei Province of central China, is well known in the world for the discovery of the living fossil Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & Cheng in the 1940s. Its natural habitat has been well protected by the Chinese government. In order to provide a scientific foundation for the protection of the Metasequoia resource, it has become necessary to analyze the changes in the original, natural Metasequoia mother trees (ONMMT) and their environment from 1948 to 2003. The results and countermeasures are as follows: First, the distribution areas have little changed, involving four towns/farmland, 45 villages, 5,746 individual trees in 1983 and 5,388 trees in 2003, covering nearly 600 km², with an average density of less than 0.1 tree/hm². The Metasequoia distribution consists of two main types: a scattered distribution type found mainly at the foothills or near houses, roads, villages and rivers while the population distribution type is found mainly at the mountains and valleys with a minority at low elevations in the mountains and basins. The largest Metasequoia populations have 105 and 123 trees. Second, in the past, attention was only paid to the protection of individual trees while the protection of the Metasequoia population and environment was neglected. This led to a shift from the past mixed forests to pure Metasequoia forests, with a simpler structure, reduced biodiversity and conditions non-conducive for natural renewal. From 1983 to 2003, 386 original Metasequoia mother trees died. So it is vital to enhance the protection of the only original Metasequoia population in the world and its habitat. Third, modern ecological means should be taken to protect the original Metasequoia population and its habitat. Research on the restoration and rehabilitation of Metasequoia vegetation should be carried out. Restoration and rehabilitation should be put into practice in the Xiaohe Valley, where the highest concentration of Metasequoia is found. Fourth, efficient measures should be taken to stop human activities that are harmful to Metasequoia and to improve the environment of ONMMT in order to promote the protection of the ONMMT population and its ecosystem. Eco-emigration and the return of marginal agricultural land to forestry can be practiced. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(5): 972–977 [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 25(5): 972–977]     

健康黑松幼苗中的电波传递

以健康黑松(Pinus thunbergii)幼苗为材料,用非伤害性刺激,如冷冻和伤害性刺激,如：烧伤、刺伤、化学伤害等引发了植物体内的波形的变化,研究表明,非伤害性刺激能在幼苗体内引起动作电波的传递,伤害性刺激除了能引起动作电波的传递外,还能引起较为复杂的变异电波的传递并对这种现象进行了讨论。图4参28。     

柳树愈伤组织形态和细胞学观察

以柳树叶片为材料,接种在诱导培养基上诱导愈伤组织发生,采用石蜡切片法对愈伤组织的内部细胞结构进行观察。结果表明,叶片组织脱分化的起始部位在微管束鞘;胚性细胞多发生在所形成的愈伤组织的表层或近表层,和非胚性细胞在形态和细胞学上有很大差别,胚性细胞核大、质浓,与周围细胞存在生理隔离;多细胞原胚以平周分裂为主,并由此表现出有序生长;胚性细胞内含有丰富的淀粉粒,随细胞的分裂和分化逐渐减少;愈伤组织有根产生。     

寄生栗瘿蜂的长尾啮小蜂一新种记述(膜翅目:姬小蜂科)

本文报道采自浙江省江山和安吉的寄生于栗瘿蜂的长尾啮小蜂一新种，即栗瘿长尾啮小蜂Aprostocetus dryocosmiWuet Xu,sp.nov，并对新种进行了描述，模式标本保存于浙江大学农业与生物技术学院应用昆虫研究所。     

微型月季研究进展综述

在系统论述微型月季（Rosa chinensis minima）发展简史的情况基础上，综述了微型月季的生物学特性，栽培及应用概况，繁殖、栽培及产后研究进展，提出了对微型月季育种方向的发展展望。     

我国主要树种人工林生产力现状及潜力的调查研究Ⅱ.桉树、落叶松及樟子松人工林生产力研究

在对我国桉树、落叶松及樟子松主要栽培区进行实地调查的基础上，利用有关地区森林资源二类调查及样地测定资料，以气候生产力为指标，比较评价了广东和海南桉树人工林、广西桉树人工丰产林和黑龙江省国有林区落叶松、樟子松人工林现实生产力。结果表明，广东粤西、海南省桉树人工林现实生产力分别是当地气候生产力的22．81％和41．08％；广西速丰林平均达73．78％。落叶松、樟子松分别达当地气候生产力的25.70%-41.68%和28.45%-51.55%。以典型局、场或丰产林项目为基础，对各研究树种人工林生产潜力进行了系统分析，提出在现有技术与经济条件下，桉树人工速丰林应达到气候生产力的80.00%以上；落叶松在≥14指数、樟子松在≥12指数立地上的生产力应分别达气候生产力的70％和80％以上。