珠江三角洲农村城市化发展之路

本文分析了珠江三角洲农村城市化的历程和存在的问题及其进一步发展的思路：在城乡一体化基础上调整产业结构，加强城镇基础设施建设和公益事业建设，统一规划，合理布局，形成良好的生活环境的高质量的生态环境，将珠江三角洲建设成为高度发达、文明的现代化城镇群。     

杉木基因资源收集、保存和利用的研究

在介绍基因资源调查、收集方法的基础上 ,提出基因资源命名与编号的方法 ,论述了保存“方法多样化、滚动式发展、保存与利用相结合”的保存方式和技术。保存基因资源 31 1 3个编号、1 876 4个个体。建立了种源基因资源继代保存林和“陈山杉”优良小群体原境保存林。对有关基因资源作了形态学、物候学、形态与生长、材性、同功酶谱等的调查与分析。提出冠层浓密、宽冠、反卷果鳞等与高材积量相关 ;灰枝杉同功酶谱有异、黄枝杉木材密度大等观点。研究了“陈山杉”林分的形状结构与材性特点。     

Leaching characteristics of homologues of benzalkonium chloride from wood treated with ammoniacal copper quaternary wood preservative

In Japan, ammoniacal copper quaternary wood preservatives type-1 (ACQ-1), which contains copper and benzalkonium chloride as its active ingredients, is among the most widely used wood preservatives in the pressure treatment of wood. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in commercial ACQ-1 products mainly comprises C12 and C14 homologues. In the present study, the leaching characteristics of these BAC homologues were investigated using the heartwood and sapwood portions of Japanese cedar, Japanese larch, and Sakhalin fir treated with ACQ-1 and 1% monoethanolamine (MEA) solution containing equimolar amounts of homologues. Distilled water (DW) and artificial seawater (SW) were used as leaching media. Consequently, it was observed that the leaching rate of the C12 homologue tended to be higher than that of the C14 homologue in DW. The leaching of C12 homologues was accelerated by using SW, resulting in a significantly higher leaching rate than the C14 homologue using SW. It was thought that the difference in the hydrophobicities based on alkyl chain lengths resulted in these phenomena. However, when the heartwood portion of Japanese larch was treated with the homologues in MEA, the leaching rate of the C14 homologue was significantly higher than that of the C12 homologue.     

攀枝花城市森林发展动态及景观格局分析

通过对攀枝花市近十年城市森林主要定量指标数据和物种相对丰富度、破碎度、均匀度、优势度等4个主要景观格局指数进行了分析,第一次从宏观角度对该市城市森林进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明,当前攀枝花城市森林覆盖率、绿地率、城市绿化覆盖率这3项指标已达到并超过了国家森林城市评定标准,城市郊区森林覆盖率和人均公共绿地面积接近国家标准。市区有植物2 000种,研究区有植物1 326种,城市森林的物种组成相对丰富度为66.3%,城市森林破碎度指数0.0465,均匀度指数0.1242,优势度0.8758。综合各指数分析:攀枝花城市森林中街头绿地、单位附属绿地、行道树及其它绿地、苗圃地、果树林、竹林等几种完全根据人们的需要构建的城市森林类型,受人类生产活动的影响大,分布零散,抗干扰能力差,在整个城市森林景观中不占优势,占面积比例为12.18%;而公园、城市近郊的混交林、阔叶林、针叶林、疏林地和灌木林地等城市森林类型,物种组成复杂,受人类活动影响较小,多数都具有自我繁衍和发展扩张的能力,占面积比例为87.82%。攀枝花城市森林体系有着物种丰富,自然植被量大的先天优势,但由于起步晚,工业生产影响大等原因,存在分布不均,功能不完善,群落结构单一,单位面积生物量不高等问题。     

Water absorption of boron-treated and heat-modified wood

Heat treatments change the chemical and physical properties of wood and dimensional stability and hygroscopicity are affected as a result of modifications of wood cell components. This study evaluated the water absorption of wood specimens treated with boron compounds followed by heat treatment. Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood specimens treated with either boric acid (BA) or disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT) solutions were heat-modified at either 180° or 220°C for 2 or 4 h. Carbohydrate composition and water absorption of the specimens were then measured and compared with those of untreated and unheated specimens. Wood carbohydrates were significantly degraded in the specimens after heat treatment. The heat treatment evidently decreased the water absorption and the heat-modified specimens absorbed less water than unheated specimens. The higher the treatment temperature and the longer the treatment time, the lower the amount of absorbed water. The boron-treated and heat-modified specimens, however, showed increased water absorption due to the hygroscopic properties of BA and DOT.     

基于神经网络的杉木人工林碳通量影响因素的选择

对碳循环影响因素的研究是预测碳通量的重要环节,也是研究碳循环的重要基础。利用亚热带地区湖南省会同杉木人工林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站2008年7—9月的碳通量和环境因子观测数据,采用遗传神经网络模型对碳通量预测因素进行优化选择,并与传统的相关分析方法进行对比分析。结果表明:模型CIV.8(输入参数包括空气温度Ta、光合有效辐射Par、大气CO2浓度ρc、空气相对湿度Rh、风速Ws、土壤温度Ts)是所有模型中模拟效果最好的。光合有效辐射与碳通量的相关性最强,相关系数是-0.704(P=0.000);降雨量与碳通量的相关性最弱,相关系数是0.002(P=0.854)。最多输入变量或最复杂的神经网络结构并不能得到最好的模型。     

日本绿道建设概况及启示

归纳总结日本绿道的建设背景及建设概况,主要分析其基于保护林制度的生态型绿道建设现状,并以日本北九州市若松区响滩地区生态型绿道建设为实例对其实践加以概括;在此基础上,总结日本绿道建设对我国的启示,以期为我国的绿道建设提供参考。     

Effects of different supplements on tetraploid black locust (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> L.) silage

Preparation of silage is a common method to preserve green forage. It plays an important role in improving forage utilization,     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lupinus albus</Emphasis> Conglutin Gamma Modifies the Gene Expressions of Enzymes Involved in Glucose Hepatic Production <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Vivo</Emphasis>

Lupinus albus seeds contain conglutin gamma (Cγ) protein, which exerts a hypoglycemic effect and positively modifies proteins involved in glucose homeostasis. Cγ could potentially be used to manage patients with impaired glucose metabolism, but there remains a need to evaluate its effects on hepatic glucose production. The present study aimed to analyze G6pc, Fbp1, and Pck1 gene expressions in two experimental animal models of impaired glucose metabolism. We also evaluated hepatic and renal tissue integrity following Cγ treatment. To generate an insulin resistance model, male Wistar rats were provided 30% sucrose solution ad libitum for 20 weeks. To generate a type 2 diabetes model (STZ), five-day-old rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (150 mg/kg). Each animal model was randomized into three subgroups that received the following oral treatments daily for one week: 0.9% w/v NaCl (vehicle; IR-Ctrl and STZ-Ctrl); metformin 300 mg/kg (IR-Met and STZ-Met); and Cγ 150 mg/kg (IR-Cγ and STZ-Cγ). Biochemical parameters were assessed pre- and post-treatment using colorimetric or enzymatic methods. We also performed histological analysis of hepatic and renal tissue. G6pc, Fbp1, and Pck1 gene expressions were quantified using real-time PCR. No histological changes were observed in any group. Post-treatment G6pc gene expression was decreased in the IR-Cγ and STZ-Cγ groups. Post-treatment Fbp1 and Pck1 gene expressions were reduced in the IR-Cγ group but increased in STZ-Cγ animals. Overall, these findings suggest that Cγ is involved in reducing hepatic glucose production, mainly through G6pc inhibition in impaired glucose metabolism disorders.