Genetic analysis and associated SRAP markers for flowering traits of chrysanthemum (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysanthemum morifolium</Emphasis>)

The inheritance of two flowering traits of chrysanthemum, initial blooming time and the duration of flowering, was investigated using segregation within an F ₁ population derived from a cross between the autumn-flowering ‘Yuhualuoying’ and the summer-flowering ‘Aoyunhanxiao’ cultivars. The analysis, based on a single segregating generation and the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model, showed that the inheritance of both traits was compatible with the presence of two pairs of major genes displaying additivity–dominance–epistasis, with additivity predominating. As the heritability of both pairs of major genes was high (initial blooming time ~65%, duration of flowering ~72%), it should be possible to select for both traits in early breeding generations. A marker-trait association analysis based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) genotyping uncovered 10 (initial blooming time) and 12 (duration of flowering) markers significantly associated with phenotype, cumulatively explaining, respectively, 46 and 54% of the variation. Some potentially useful markers were identified.     

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis,AMP‐activated protein kinase and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer were investigated in the present paper. A total of 105 mixed‐sex Arbor Acres broilers were divided into three treatment groups: (i) 45 min transport without rest (T); (ii) 45 min transport with 1 h rest (TR); and (iii) 45 min transport with 15 min water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation and 45 min rest (TWFR). Each treatment consisted of five replicates with seven birds each. The results indicated that the water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation could mitigate the stress caused by transport under high temperature conditions during summer, which reduced the energy depletion in post mortem Pectoralis major (PM) muscle. This resulted in a higher energy status compared to the T group, which would decrease the expression of phosphorylation of AMPK (p‐AMPK). Furthermore, decreased the expression of p‐AMPK then slowed down the rate of glycolysis in post mortem PM muscle during the early post mortem period, which in turn lessened the negative effects caused by transport on meat quality. In conclusion, water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation may be a better method to control the incidence of the pale, soft and exudative meat in broilers.     

Effect of nitrogen root zone fertilization on rice yield,uptake and utilization of macronutrient in lower reaches of Yangtze River,China

Improper application of nitrogen (N) has led to high N losses and low N use efficiency in the lower reaches of Yangtze River in China. An effective method to solve such problems is the deep fertilized N in root zone (RZF). Limited information is available on the effect of RZF on the uptake of macronutrients (N, P and K) and rice yield. Field experiments, conducted from 2014 to 2015, compared the farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, with 225 kg ha^?1 of N, split into three doses) and RZF using the same rate but placing N 5 cm away from rice roots in holes 10 cm deep (RZF10) or 5 cm deep (RZF5) as a single application. The highest mean yield (10.0 t ha^?1) was obtained in RZF10, which was 19.5% more than that in FFP. Root zone fertilization of urea (whether 10 cm deep or 5 cm deep) resulted in greater accumulation of N, P and K in stem, leaf sheaths, leaf blades and grains compared to that in FFP in sandy and in loam soils. The uptake of N, P and K was the highest in RZF10 (average at 176.7, 66.2 and 179.1 kg ha^?1, respectively), higher than that in FFP by 45.0, 17.0 and 22.6%, respectively. N apparent recovery efficiency was markedly higher in RZF10 (53.1%) than in FFP (27.5%). RZF10 significantly increased the N, P, K uptake compared with FFP under different N rates in both sandy and loam soils. These results suggest that the N, P and K input amount should be re-determined under RZF.     

禽肾炎病毒与鸡细小病毒双重PCR检测方法的建立

为了同时检测禽肾炎病毒(avian nephritis virus,ANV)和鸡细小病毒(chicken parvovirus,ChPV),根据GenBank中ANV的ORF基因和ChPV的NS1基因的保守序列,设计筛选了扩增片段大小分别为511 bp和242 bp的特异性引物,通过反应条件优化、特异性和敏感性试验,建立了一种双重PCR检测方法。该方法最佳引物比例为ANV上下引物各0.4μL(20 mol/L),ChPV上下引物各0.6μL(20 mol/L);最佳退火温度为53.8℃;灵敏度可达到55 fg(ANV)和58 fg(ChPV);对常见鸡病病原体进行检测,结果全为阴性。本研究建立的PCR方法具有特异、敏感、快速、稳定的优点,可用于同时鉴别诊断ANV和ChPV的混合感染。     

原子吸收-石墨炉法测定食品中重金属元素的方法研究

本文对采用原子吸收-石墨炉法对铅、镉、铬这3种重金属元素的检测方法进行了探讨.结果表明,样品的加标回收率分别为97.92%、99.06%、104.6%,标准偏差分别为8.93、0.12、0.70,变异系数分别为1.70%、0.39%、2.92%,说明该方法不但精确度和检出率高.且重复性好.     

海涂海水灌溉对鲁梅克斯植物生长的影响

为高效持续利用海水与滨海盐土资源,缓解海水养殖废水直接排放对海洋的污染,课题组从1995年开始,收集、引进和筛选了一些具有经济开发前景的耐盐植物,对其生物学、生态学特性进行了研究[1],并在我国海南乐东、江苏大丰、山东莱州三个典型气候带海涂进行海水灌溉试验,探索海水灌溉对耐盐植物生长发育、滨海盐土演变的影响及其对海水养殖废水的净化能力.本文仅就山东莱州田间小区海水灌溉鲁梅克斯(Rumex patientiax R. Tianschanicus, cv. Rumex K-1)的试验结果进行讨论.     

美国木材与纤维复合材料研究现状

对美国木材工业及纤维复合材料方面的研究及发展现状进行了论述, 重点介绍木材工业、木结构材料、木基复合材料、纤维复合材料、木材化学利用和木材生物质能源等领域的研究现状和发展动态, 并针对我国木材利用现状提出开展木材资源系统基础及应用研究、加快环境友好型天然纤维复合材料研发和加强木材化学及能源利用研究的建议。     

人工林红松管胞形态对气候变化的响应

运用响应函数分析法,研究了人工林红松管胞形态对前1年4月至当年9月的气候因子变化的响应.结果表明:研究选取的气候因子变化与红松管胞壁厚、早材管胞长度和晚材管胞直径的相关关系没有达到显著水平,但是与早材管胞直径和晚材管胞长度存的相关关系达到了显著水平.气候变化对早材管胞直径径向变异的影响程度达52.8%,对晚材管胞长度径向变异的影响程度达72.2%.早材管胞直径和晚材管胞长度对气候变化响应并不一致.早材管胞直径主要对当年4～6月份的降水量响应强烈,当年4月、5月份的降水量增加有利于早材管胞直径的形成,但是6月降水增加会抑制早材管胞直径的形成.晚材管胞长度主要对当年6月的气温和地温响应强烈,6月温度升高有利于晚材管胞的伸长.另外,前1年9月日照时间和前1年10月相对湿度对管胞的形成有显著的滞后影响.     

四川省棉田肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniformis)和棉花枯萎病发生的关系研究

棉田枯萎病发病率和严重度,用肾形线虫(Rotylenchulusreniformis)和枯萎菌联合接种比单接枯萎菌显著提高,且病情增长块,土壤中肾形线虫数量也较单接肾形线虫高。说明棉花枯萎病与肾形线虫有协生现象,感病品种更明显。用联合接种法对棉花新品系B013-2和B023-11进行兼抗性鉴定,二者均属耐病类型。     

气体超声流量计远程诊断功能在中亚管道的应用

基于气体超声流量计的应用现状,分析了其实现远程诊断功能的重要意义,列举了其核心诊断指标：流速特性、声速特性、声道信号质量、声道增益值、声道信噪比。讨论了远程诊断系统的设置需求,其功能体现在可实时地对现场计量站内的超声波流量计、流量计算机、压力变送器、温度变送器及气相色谱分析仪等设备进行运行状态的指示、诊断及远程管理。在中亚天然气管道的应用实践表明：气体超声流量计远程诊断可以及时地将流量计的工作状况通知运行操作人员,从而对流量计进行有效监控,及时采取预防措施,降低计量故障的发生概率,提高运行效率,降低运营成本。（表3,图5,参6）