不同施硼措施对云烟87生长和产质量的影响

在大田条件下,研究了不同施硼措施对烤烟生长及产质量的影响,结果表明：与基施（P0）或不施硼肥（CK）处理相比,叶面喷施对促进烤烟生长,增加烟叶产量,提高烟叶质量有更显著的作用,且叶面整株喷硼（P4）的烟株其产值分别比基施硼肥,喷施上部叶（P1）、喷施中部叶（P2）、喷施下部叶处理（P3）高12.4%、56.1%、37.3%、48.1%。叶面喷硼处理对中部叶糖含量、钾含量以及烟碱含量的调控有积极的作用,整株叶面喷施硼肥处理的烟叶烟碱含量明显低于其他处理。     

番茄内生细菌种群动态分析及拮抗菌株的筛选

摘要：采用研磨组织稀释分离法对3个种植地区的番茄内生细菌的种群分布、数量变化规律进行了初步探讨。共分离、纯化得到内生细菌374株,经形态及理化特征鉴定,分属10个不同的属,13个种。其中假单孢菌属Pseudomonas sp.,黄单孢菌属Xanthomonas sp.;肠杆菌属Entenobacter sp.和芽孢杆菌属Bacillus sp.为优势种群。内生细菌在番茄植株种群数量从0.21x104 到13.82x104 cfu.g -1鲜重之间,但不同品种、组织、生育期及种植地,内生细菌的种群和数量各不相同,各组织中内生细菌的种群及数量根中最多,其次是茎和叶,成株期内生细菌无论种类和数量都明显高于苗期。采用平板对峙法从分离的内生细菌中筛选出对番茄灰霉病菌具有体外拮抗活性的菌株32个,占菌株总数的8.56%; 25个菌株对叶霉病菌有抑制作用,占菌株总数的6.68%;对灰霉病菌和叶霉病菌都具有拮抗作用的菌株20个,占菌株总数的5.35%。对灰霉病菌有强拮抗作用的菌株12个,对叶霉病菌有强拮抗作用的菌株仅1个,其中芽孢杆菌是主要的类群。     

The genetic relationship between popping expansion volume and two yield components in popcorn using unconditional and conditional QTL analysis

Popping expansion volume (PEV) is the most important quality trait in popcorn, while its germplasm is inferior to normal dent/flint corn in yield. In this study, 259 F_2:3 families, developed from the cross between a dent corn inbred Dan232 and a popcorn inbred N04, were evaluated for their PEV, grain weight per plant (GWP) and 100-grain weight (100 GW) in two environments. The genetic relationship between PEV and GWP, and 100 GW on individual gene loci were evaluated using unconditional and conditional QTL mapping methods. In total, five, one and three unconditional QTL were identified for PEV, GWP, and 100 GW, respectively. The positive alleles of all QTL for PEV were from N04, while positive alleles of all QTL for GWP and 100 GW were from Dan232. In conditional mapping, one and two QTL failed to be detected, and all four additional QTL were detected. Nevertheless, three QTL were identified, which controlled PEV independently from GWP/100 GW. They seemed to be potential candidates in popcorn breeding to increase PEV without decreasing GWP/100 GW. The results suggested that for significantly correlated traits, the conditional QTL mapping method could be used to dissect the genetic interrelationship between traits at the level of individual QTL, as well as reveal additional QTL that were undetectable by unconditional mapping.     

我国玉米南方锈病发生区域和玉米品种田间抗性的研究

通过对河南、山东、安徽等近20个省市的广泛调查以及有关田间发病记载数据的整理,明确了玉米南方锈病的准确发生地区.黄淮海夏玉米区以及海南省是当前我国玉米南方锈病发生的重点区域,病害对生产影响明显,其次为广西、广东等南方玉米区,西南玉米区局部有轻微发生,该区域主要发生的是普通锈病.汇总接种鉴定以及数年田间鉴定和国家玉米区域试验点记载的数据,获得了黄淮海夏玉米区47份推广品种对南方锈病的抗性水平情况,其中登海3号和天泰10号为高抗南方锈病品种,鲁单981、农大108、中科4号等14份也具有较好的田间抗性,但目前在该区域种植面积最大的郑单958和浚单20则属于高感品种.积极推广抗南方锈病品种是有效控制病害,减少生产损失的惟一选择.     

羊驼AIF部分cDNA序列分析及其在不同毛色的表达定位

通过对已构建的羊驼皮肤cDNA文库进行筛选和ESTs分析,发现与其它动物AIF基因相应cDNA序列高度同源的序列,经序列分析证明命名为羊驼AIF基因序列,已经向Genbank提交。与其他动物（褐鼠、小鼠、人等）的AIF基因相应序列进行相似性比较,相似性分别为100%、91%、71.6%。运用免疫组化技术进一步研究该基因在羊驼皮肤中的表达和定位,结果显示AIF在羊驼毛囊的毛根、根鞘、毛球、毛乳头位置均呈阳性表达,且棕色皮肤比灰色皮肤表达量高,提示该基因可能和羊驼毛色形成或毛的生长相关。     

Effects of plastic film mulch and tillage on maize productivity and soil parameters

This paper determined the effects of mulching time for double furrows and ridges using plastic film on soil water status, grain yield of maize, soil quality, and economic benefits. The study was conducted in a typical semiarid area during two growing seasons of 2006–2007 with the following three treatments: (i) plastic film mulching at maize sowing with conventional tillage, and the film was removed at harvest (CK); (ii) mulching applied 30 d before sowing with conventional tillage, and the film was removed at harvest (T1); and (iii) mulching at sowing with no-tillage, and the film left on the field after harvest in the first season and used for mulching in the second season (T2). The T1 in both years and T2 in the second year (2007) improved soil water content (in the 0–60 cm layer) and temperature (10 cm) at sowing compared with CK. After the two seasons, the soil water content was significantly higher in the 0–80 cm soil layer in CK and T1, and in the 0–120 cm soil layer in T2; however, it decreased significantly in 140–200 cm soil layer in CK and T1, compared to their initial values at sowing in April 2006, and there was no significant change in T2. The rainfall storage in the 0–200 cm soil layer during the non-growing season (late September 2006 to late April 2007) was 18.2 mm in CK, 34.0 mm in T1, and 59.7 mm in T2, and the rainfall storage in 100–200 cm soil layer was 16.5 and 18.6 mm higher in T2 than in CK and T1, respectively. In 2006, there were no significant differences in yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in all treatments. In 2007, the yield in T1 was significantly higher than in T2, but yields in T2 and CK were not significantly different, and there was no significant difference in WUE among treatments. Soil organic carbon (SOC) (0–20 cm) decreased in CK and T1, but increased (by 2.7%) in T2 at harvesting in September 2007 from the initial value of sowing in April 2006. The ratio of output to input was 1.32:1 for CK, 1.40:1 for T1, and 1.67:1 for T2 averaged across the two seasons. Therefore, T2 was a more sustainable model for increasing water storage, producing greater economic benefit and maintaining SOC balance for maize production in semiarid area.     

生物柴油Fe_2(SO_4)_3—Al_2O_3固体酸催化剂的制备

为了解决硫酸铁催化制备生物柴油过程中存在的回收难和部分溶于水等问题,制备了Fe2(SO4)3—Al2O3负载型固体酸催化剂。考察了负载量、焙烤温度、焙烤时间对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,负载量20%的催化剂在300℃下,焙烤超过4h,活性最高,延长焙烤时间对催化剂活性没有显著影响。对不同焙烤温度下的催化剂进行了扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射分析,结果显示300℃下,焙烤的催化剂具有最小的晶粒;超过300℃,催化剂上的Fe2(SO4)3组分开始分解。     

超声技术在食品杀菌及废水处理中应用的研究进展

介绍了超声的定义和超声杀菌的机理。综述了近些年来超声在食品杀菌及废水处理领域的研究进展,重点阐述超声与其他技术结合使用的杀菌效果,并提出了超声在这些领域中的研究发展方向。     

库尔勒香梨保鲜状况及贮藏中的新问题

库尔勒香梨是新疆特色的传统优势梨,不少学者认为库尔勒香梨是瀚海梨和鸭梨的自然杂交种。近年来,它已成为中国香港、东南亚市场上具有较强竞争力的水果。但是库尔勒香梨在贮藏过程中存在很多问题,严重影响了其销售量和经济效益,大大降低了商品价值,带来了较大的经济损失。     

电化学酶传感器在有机磷农药残留检测中的应用

从识别有机磷农药的酶及识别机理、酶的固定化技术、酶固定化载体等不同角度,综述了有机磷农药电化学酶传感器的研究概况,并展望了其发展前景。