关于我国现代农业采后科技创新与发展对策的思考

为发展我国现代农业,提升采后科技创新能力,本文提出了我国现代农业采后科技创新与发展对策,主要包括：产学研结合,加快农产品采后科技创新步伐;选准方向,加强共性技术攻关,解决产业化关键技术;加强农产品保鲜国内外技术交流与合作,加快与国际接轨的步伐等。     

不同包装方式对酸地参储藏品质的影响

为研究不同包装方式对酸地参储藏期间品质的影响,以地参为试验材料,通过乳酸菌发酵,定期测定PE+PA复合真空包装、铝箔复合真空包装和PET塑料瓶包装酸地参的亚硝酸盐、VC、pH、单宁、总酸等成分含量,并进行感官评价。结果表明:4℃条件下储藏15 d时,铝箔复合真空包装的酸地参品质最好,其感官评分、VC含量、pH、单宁含量和总酸含量最高,分别为89分、0.15 mg/100 g、3.21、13.02 mg/kg和2.34 g/kg,同时其亚硝酸盐最低,为0.15 mg/kg;PE+PA复合真空包装的酸地参品质次之,而PET塑料瓶包装效果最差。因此,铝箔复合真空包装比较适合酸地参的储藏。     

贵州省番茄优势区域发展思考

利用贵州省山区特有的立体和区域性气候特点,针对6月到11月目标市场,发展夏秋反季节番茄产业,能缓解华南、“川渝”、“两湖”及港澳地区夏秋淡季市场.由于市场需求拉动,近年来,贵州省番茄种植面积逐年上升,但基地规模小,集中度不够,供应时间不长,产业化程度低等问题依然存在.为了进一步提升产业潜力,对贵州省近年来番茄种植现状进行深入调研,针对产业发展中存在的问题,结合自身气候资源禀赋和优势,找准目标市场定位,对番茄优势区域产业发展提出了发展措施和建议.     

贵州省高粱优质高产栽培技术

介绍了贵州省高粱优质高产栽培技术,包括品种选择、育苗、整地、移栽、田间管理、病虫害防治、收获等内容,以期为高粱生产提供参考.     

Hyperspectral Models for Estimating SPAD Value of Cotton Leaves under Waterlogging Stress

[Object] To setup the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress. [Method] Irrigation and drainage controllable plots were introduced to simulate the waterlogging stress treatment in the flowering and boll forming stage, during which the change characteristics of the cotton leaf spectral reflectance and SPAD value were observed after 1 d, 3 d, 6 d, 9 d waterlogging, respectively. To find out the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress, the correlation and regression relationships between SPAD value and spectrum parameters were analyzed. [Result] (1) The SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top was significantly lower than control when suffers from waterlogging for 3 d, when waterlogged 9 d the SPAD value decreased by around 15% compared with the control. (2) The cotton suffering from waterlogged damage in the flowering and boll forming stage caused the reflection peak in green light wave band became steep, while the near infrared spectral reflectance increased, and caused the reduction of red absorption and red edge position blue shifts, the red edge position drifts towards short wave with 4～5 nm when suffers from waterlogging for 9 d. With increase of the waterlogged days, the red edge slope and red edge area increased with a maximum value at 6 d of waterlogging, meanwhile, the skewness and kurtosis of red edge increased. (3) After waterlogging, the SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top (chlorophyll content) had a remarkable correlation with red edge slope(Dr), red edge position(λr), green peak reflection(Rg), green peak position(λg), red well position(λo), blue edge area(SDb), yellow edge skewness(Sy), yellow edge kurtosis(Ky), red edge skewness(Sr), red edge kurtosis(Kr), etc. An experience linear, polynomial and exponential models for estimating SPAD value had been built through using the Sy, Sr, Kr as independent variables, respectively, their determination coefficient (R²) were greater than 0.9, and the root mean square error (RMSE) were less than 1; and an experience binary linear regression equation for estimating SPAD value had been built through multivariate regression using the λg, SDr/SDb(VI3), Sb, Sy, Ky as independent variables, the R² was as high as 0.973, and the RMSE was 0.393. [Conclusion] The model can be remote sensing model used as estimating leaf SPAD of cotton value under waterlogging stress.     

木醋液对桃蚜生长繁殖的急慢性效应

为了明确木醋液对桃蚜短、长期影响,以桃蚜为试虫,用100倍稀释木醋液处理小白菜饲养蚜虫,测得桃蚜繁殖发育数据.结果 显示,木醋液处理显著缩短桃蚜繁殖期,而F1代繁殖期比F0代繁殖期延长37％;F0代和F1代产蚜总量与对照组相比分别降低62％和66％;处理组F1代和F2代的存活率比对照组降低23％和24％,但F1代和F2...     

基于空间统计学的棉花冠层光合有效辐射空间格局分析方法

 运用空间统计学的模拟方法,以不同密度棉花群体为研究对象,对其冠层内光合有效辐射（PAR）的空间分布予以研究。通过拟合PAR透射率的半方差函数模型和绘制等值线图来反映不同密度群体冠层内PAR透射率的空间格局。利用克里格空间内插法和Simpson3/8法计算出盛蕾期棉花群体平均PAR透射率,分析其与LAI的回归关系,并对克里格插值法进行交叉验证。结果表明,冠层PAR存在强烈的空间自相关性,变异函数的最佳理论模型为高斯模型,决定系数均在0.9以上。各密度冠层PAR透射率具有相似的空间格局,但其变异程度有随密度增加而上升的趋势。群体平均PAR透射率与叶面积指数（LAI）呈指数回归关系,与前人研究结果一致。应用空间计学研究PAR空间分布格局,将有助于对PAR 进行精确定位和定量化地估算,为作物科学配置和作物冠层结构调控提供理论依据。     

抛栽稻高产形成及生态生理特征

抛栽稻成本低, 易操作, 高产稳产潜力大, 深入研究抛栽稻对我国水稻生产的轻简化栽培具有重要作用。本研究旨在探讨抛栽稻高产形成及生态生理特征。稻麦两熟制下, 以常规粳稻南粳44和杂交粳稻甬优8号为材料, 以洗根手插为对照, 从摆栽、点抛和撒拋3种抛栽方式下水稻产量形成的茎蘖动态、LAI、光合势、物质生产等方面的特性, 并从株型特征、后期根系活力、光合特性、物质积累与转运等方面探讨抛栽稻高产形成的生态生理基础。结果表明, 甬优8号摆栽、点抛、撒抛3种抛栽方式的2年平均产量分别较对照(洗根手插)高21.9%、18.3%和13.2%, 南粳44分别较对照高18.3%、14.1%和9.87%, 两品种产量均为摆栽>点抛>撒抛>洗根手插, 差异显著或极显著。抛栽稻的结实率和千粒重显著或极显著低于对照, 但总颖花量均显著或极显著高于对照, 产量提高的原因主要是总颖花量较高。抛栽稻较对照, 高峰苗数多, 成穗率高或与其相当, 最终有效穗数足, 叶面积指数和光合势高, 群体质量较对照更稳健。抛栽稻高产稳产的生态生理基础为: 秧苗移栽大田后分蘖早, 分蘖叶位多, 分蘖性强, 分蘖质量高、数量足; 抽穗期株高适中, 茎鞘粗壮, 叶系配置好, 通风透光强, 物质积累量高, 库源协调, 产量潜力更高; 后期根系发达, 叶片衰老慢, 光合生产能力强, 群体茎鞘物质输出与运转协调, 籽粒充实度高。就不同抛栽方式而言, 精确摆栽和点抛生长优势显著高于撒抛, 更易于实现高产稳产。     

抑菌处理对发芽糙米污染微生物和主要营养成分的影响

以次氯酸钠和尼森(Nison)杀菌剂及其复配液为处理液,对淮稻6号水稻糙米发芽过程的污染菌及主要营养成分进行了测试。结果表明,质量分数1.5%的Nison和质量分数1%的次氯酸钠均可抑制糙米发芽过程中细菌的生长,而两者混和液的抑菌效果最好,对产品的营养物质转化特别是糖的转化有很好的促进作用。