Epidemiological study on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactococcus garvieae</Emphasis> isolates from fish in Japan

In Japan, Lactococcus garvieae infection has been the main fish disease in aquaculture. Although commercial oral and injectable vaccines have been used to prevent L. garvieae infection in Japan, L. garvieae has been isolated not only from unvaccinated fish but also from vaccinated fish in which immunity induced by vaccination had diminished. In order to obtain epidemiological information on this fish pathogen, we conducted biased sinusoidal field gel electrophoresis (BSFGE) pattern analysis and phage typing of L. garvieae isolates (n = 427) from fish in Japan. These isolates were obtained from 13 different fish species between 1980 and 2007. In the BSFGE analysis, L. garvieae isolates were classified into 17 groups (S1–S17) based on the SmaI digestion patterns and into four groups (A1–A4) based on the ApaI digestion patterns. Phage typing revealed five different phage susceptibility profiles (A–E) in L. garvieae isolates. Since 2005, comparisons of the results of phage typing and BSFGE have indicated the presence of a novel genotype (S16/A4) with phage type E. All the strains belonging to this type showed lincomycin sensitivity.     

两株芽孢杆菌的鉴定

通过对2株芽孢杆菌的形态学、生理生化试验及16S rDNA序列同源性分析,发现B02号菌株与Ba-cillus cereus的同源性为100%,系统发育树分析与Bacillus cereus遗传关系最近,确定该菌株为Bacillus ce-reus。而B03号菌株与Bacillus cereus的同源性为98%,要确定其种还需进一步DNA杂交;该2株芽孢杆菌的芽胞数在1.0×1012个/kg体重以下安全无毒。2株芽孢杆菌的药敏性试验和拮抗性试验结果表明,参试菌对5类抗菌药物大多数都很敏感;对4种动物肠道病原菌无明显拮抗作用。通过酶系测定,参试菌都具有一定SOD酶活性。喂养实验结果表明,2株菌对雏鸡具有一定的防病治病效果。以上结论初步证明该菌株的抑病促生机理主要是生物夺氧和有益代谢产物的作用,而非优势种群、生物拮抗作用。     

不同种植方式对红壤旱地土壤水分及抗旱能力的影响

通过3年田间小区试验,研究不同种植方式对红壤旱地土壤水分及抗旱能力的影响.结果表明：1）与种植花生相比,种植苎麻可显著提高土壤有机质质量分数（28.44％）、田间持水量（10.06％）和总孔隙度（5.65％）,土壤密度则显著降低7.20％;2）监测期内,花生地各层土壤以及整个0～ 100 cm土体水分变异系数普遍高于苎麻地,苎麻地0 ～ 100 cm土体水分的时间稳定性和空间协调性优于花生地;3）苎麻地0～ 40 cm土壤较花生地延长抗旱时间7d以上,但随着土层的加深,差异越来越小;4）红壤坡耕地种植苎麻有利于提高红壤旱地土壤抗旱能力,特别是中、上层土壤.从扩充土壤水库的角度考虑,红壤旱地种植苎麻优于种植花生,该研究结果可为挖掘红壤区深层土壤水分提供参考.     

e-Science与图书馆创新服务

分析了e-Science对科研发展的影响,论述了图书馆在e-Science环境下为科研提供知识服务的途径和方法。     

天然抗氧化剂茶多酚在食品保鲜上的应用——方便面保鲜试验研究

摘要 通过天然抗氧化剂茶多酚对方便面抗氧化保鲜的实验室小试和工厂生产试验,分析了茶多酚的抗氧化特性及优选抗氧化工艺,结果表明:茶多酚对方便面抗氧化效果明显.食品因性质和加工工艺的不同,只有在一定浓度范围内才能起到抗氧化作用.从方便面的加工工艺、质量指标、经济效益等综合考虑,茶多酚的添加量以50ppm为宜.     

松涛水库长臀鮠遗传多样性研究

在测定的海南松涛水库南丰、番加、白沙群体44条长臀线粒体DNA控制区全序列961 bp中,T、C、A、G碱基含量分别为31.2％、21.7％、34.0％、13.1％;共出现26个变异位点,其中多态信息位点18个,简约信息位点14个;共检测到11个单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.8594±0.0169,核昔酸多样性为0.00484±0.00313,呈现出较高的单倍型多样性与较为贫乏的核苷酸多样性.其中白沙群体的核苷酸多样性最高(0.00517±0.001847),番加群体的最低(0.00482±0.004522).Tajima's D(0.36899,P＞0.10)和FuFs (0.09041,P＞0.10)中性检验以及核苷酸不配对分析均表明长臀并未经历过大规模的种群扩张.F分析(-0.00324～-0.01878,P＜0.05)与分子方差分析(-3.87％,P＜0.05)显示群体间无明显遗传分化,表明3个群体隶属于同一种群.就松涛水库长臀而言,建议优先保护白沙群体.     

Preparation and properties of antibacterial Poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers by nanoparticles

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/Ag-zeolite nanofiber webs were prepared with different concentrations of Ag-zeolite nanoparticles by the electrospinning technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Instron, and antibacterial activities analysis were utilized to characterize the morphology and properties of the PVA/Ag-zeolite nanofiber webs. The study results showed that the polymer concentration, applied voltages and tip-to-collector distances were the main factors influencing the morphology of the electrospun nanofiber webs. The introduction of Ag-zeolite nanoparticles improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the PVA nanofiber webs. TEM data demonstrated that the Ag-zeolite nanoparticles were well distributed within the nanofiber. FTIR revealed a possible interaction between the PVA matrix and the Ag-zeolite nanoparticles. These fibers showed an antibacterial efficacy of 99.8 % and over against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae at Ag-zeolite concentrations of 1 % and over, because of the presence of the silver nanoparticles in the zeolite.     

雷州半岛菠萝蜜种质资源的果实形态标记及性状的因子分析

利用26个果实性状对我国雷州半岛的菠萝蜜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析.同时对有关果实性状进行因子分析,结果表明:雷州半岛76份菠萝蜜种质的果实性状的变异系数在11.13%～67.73%之间.各种质欧氏遗传距离在2.56～16.65之间,平均为6.88.说明我国雷州半岛的菠萝蜜种质资源具有丰富的遗传变异:在欧氏距离系数为7.88处,76份种质可以分为3组;干、湿包类型及各地区的种质均不能分开聚类:因子分析筛选出了果实纵径、单果重和果轴重等17个影响较大的果实性状;对菠萝蜜种质遗传多样性.干、湿包类型的差异进行了探讨.     

番茄与黄瓜远缘嫁接愈合口形成过程的组织解剖分析

为探明番茄/黄瓜远缘嫁接不亲和时愈合口的形成过程,为后期砧穗间信息互作的研究奠定一定的理论基础,以黄瓜‘新泰密刺’、黑籽南瓜和番茄‘中杂9号’为试材,采用下胚轴斜靠接方法远缘嫁接番茄/黄瓜(接穗/砧木),嫁接组合黄瓜/南瓜、黄瓜/黄瓜作为嫁接亲和性的对照。观察嫁接后第2、5、8和15天嫁接苗生长形态变化并统计成活率,对比分析黄瓜的近缘及远缘嫁接的嫁接口愈合过程。结果表明:1)嫁接接口处石蜡切片结果显示,对照黄瓜自嫁接和黄瓜与南瓜的嫁接均经历了相同的愈合过程,并最终成功地建立了形成层与输导组织,得以正常生长;2)分别用经木质部运输的品红溶液、经韧皮部运输的HPTS染料标记嫁接苗,结果显示远缘的番茄与黄瓜嫁接后,砧木与接穗虽然可以各自分化出愈伤组织,但二者愈伤组织的薄壁细胞无法真正地融合,机械性地对接在一起的木质部可以运输水分,使得番茄接穗不萎蔫,但韧皮部并未连通,无法进行其光合及同化产物运输、维持其生命活动,初步解释了远缘嫁接不亲和的解剖学过程。     

Preparation and properties of solid polymer electrolyte based on imidazolium-based ionic liquids for structural capacitors

We prepared solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) composed of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether acrylate (1A9OMe) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([EMIm][OTF]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide ([EMIm][TFSI]) as the ionic liquid. The SPEs formed by appropriately adding ionic liquids in the 1A9OMe prior to thermal cure. The ratio of 1A9OMe and ionic liquid was 1:9, 3:7, and 5:5, respectively. The characterization of solid polymer electrolytes were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance mode (FTIR-ATR), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and glavanostatic charge-discharge test. The highest ionic conductivity of SPEs was found to be 4.90×10^?4 S/cm in a 1A9OMe/[EMIm][OTF] of 3:7. As IL contents were increased, the specific capacitance of supercapacitor was increased. The specific capacitance of supercapacitor for ionic liquid with large ion size was lower than that for ionic liquid with smaller ion size.