用改进的高盐低pH法分离和纯化棉花叶绿体及叶绿体DNA

报道了用改进的高盐低ｐＨ法分离和纯化棉花叶绿体及叶绿体ＤＮＡ的实验过程，即先在高盐（离子强度）介质下，通过ｐＨ值变换，多次洗涤的方法去除叶绿体表面的静电附着杂质，得到纯净的叶绿体；然后氯仿抽提纯化ＤＮＡ；最后采用界面针挑法得到高纯度的ｃｐＤＮＡ。实验过程中针对棉花的特点，采用ＰＶＰ排除棉酚和丹宁的干扰，用ＤＩＥＣＡ抑制酚氧化酶活性，并对实验细节作了较大改进。得到的ＤＮＡ可满足酶切、ＰＣＲ等分子生物学分析。     

QTL analysis of cooked rice grain elongation, volume expansion, and water absorption using a recombinant inbred population

The traits of elongation, volume expansion, and water absorption are very important in determining the quality of cooked rice grains. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of these traits was performed using a recombinant inbred population derived from a cross between two indica cultivars, ‘Zhenshan 97’ and ‘Minghui 63 ,’ which are the parents of the most widely grown hybrid rice in China. Using a linkage map based on 221 molecular marker loci covering a total of 1796 cM, a total of 33 QTLs were identified for the nine traits tested. QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1– 3 , 5– 9 , and 11 , respectively. The QTLs identified included three for cooked rice grain length elongation (chromosomes 2 , 6 , and 11), six for width expansion (chromosomes 1‐ 3 , 6 , 9 , and 11) and two for water absorption (chromosomes 2 and 6). Interestingly, a single QTL located near the wx gene on chromosome 6 seemed to influence all the traits tested for the cooked rice quality.     

Two chromosome segments confer multiple potyvirus resistance in maize

Potyviruses cause serious yield losses in maize production worldwide. While the maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) predominates in the USA, sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is a major pathogen in China and Germany. In previous studies, inbred FAP1360A revealed complete resistance against both MDMV and SCMV. Two major SCMV resistance genes, Scmv1 and Scmv2, were located on chromosomes 6 and 3, respectively, in populations derived from crosses with the susceptible inbred line F7. For validation of these results obtained in segregating backcross‐ or F_2:3‐populations, near‐isogenic lines to F7 have been produced after one initial cross to FAP1360A by repeated backcrossing to F7, phenotypic selection for SCMV resistance, and marker‐assisted selection for the Scmv1 and Scmv2 regions from FAP1360A. The near‐isogenic line F7R has been studied in detail both at the genomic level and for resistance to different potyviruses. Based on 112 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers, F7R received genomic segments introgressed from FAP1360A exclusively in the Scmv1 and Scmv2 chromosomal regions. F7R conferred complete resistance to SCMV and MDMV, but also to zea mosaic virus and to systemic infection by wheat streak mosaic virus. FAP1360A, F7, F7R were not systemically infected by high plains virus. Thus, introgression of Scmv1 and Scmv2 from FAP1360A into F7 was sufficient to generate the first potyvirus multiresistant European Flint line reported so far.     

甘兰夜蛾核型多角体82—17病毒株对裸鼠感染性的研究

甘兰夜蛾核型多角体NPV82—17病毒株,经腹腔、静脉、口服感染裸鼠.被感染裸鼠9—37天的脏器经电镜观察,其肝、脾的枯否细胞和网状细胞的胞浆内都存有1至数个多角体.另将其脏器悬液回接靶昆虫棉铃虫,腹腔和静脉感染率为83—100%,口服感染率为7—77%.     

东亚4个黑山羊群体mtDNA D-环遗传多样性及其起源

为了研究地方山羊品种的起源与分化，了解其遗传背景，为山羊资源的合理利用提供基础资料，利用PCR产物直接测序法对3个中国黑山羊群体和1个韩国黑山羊群体共39个个体的mtDNA D-环部分序列进行了测定和分析。测定的序列经排列比对后选取441bp分析，发现了55个多态位点，单一多态位点11个，简约信息位点44个，确定了29种单倍型，单倍型多样度为0.984。构建系统发育树将29种单倍型分成了明显的3个分支，角猾羊聚入A分支。同时利用群体间的单倍型的错配分布和遗传距离分析了各群体的亲缘关系。结果表明：4个黑山羊群体遗传多样性丰富，至少拥有3个不同的母系起源，角猾羊是家山羊的一个母系祖先。     

Development and Build of Green Ecological Residential Guarter

This paper, from the perspective of green ecological construction, discusses the development tendency of green ecological residential quarter, analyses the cause, implication, characteristics and practical functions of green ecological residential quarter. And it proposes some suggestions of developing and constructing green ecological residential quarter with green design, wholesale afforestation, green building materials, energy saving and water saving, green lighting, classified garbage disposal and so on. The paper then raises some new suggestions about the programme and design of green ecological residential quarter.     

做好入世准备迎接种子质量挑战

随着我国加入世贸组织的临近,农业产业化发展面临新的压力与机遇,种业也不可避免地遇到新的问题与挑战.在今后日趋激烈的国际、国内市场竞争中如何提高种子质量,把国内优良品种打进国际市场、占领国内市场是种子产业发展面临的新课题.     

肥料用量及施用方法对烤烟漂浮育苗烟苗素质的影响

采用小拱棚vaulted shed进行烤烟virginal tobacco漂浮育苗试验，以烤烟育苗肥(N 14.76%P2O57.33%、K2O 18.66%)用量及施用方法为参试因子，从出苗率emergence rate和成活率，烟苗的主要农艺性状、干物质积累量accumulation、各部位营养元素含量等方面进行探讨研究，结果表明，烤烟漂浮育苗施肥量以0.9kg/池(以可放入34个长66cm、宽34cm、高5cm的育苗盘的育苗池计)、并采用出苗期施60%和大十字期施40%的两次施肥方法的处理，其烟苗N、P、K、Ca的吸收量absorption amount，根部最高，茎部较高，而叶部适中，相应培育出的烟苗，其茎高、茎直径、根部干重、茎部干重及根冠比最大，因此烟苗的综合素质最好。     

新型储粮保护剂硅藻土对2种重要储粮害虫的防治效果初报

为了探索硅藻土防治储粮害虫的经济有效剂量、防治方法和条件等,本方设计了不同温度和湿度组合,不同的硅藻土剂量分别对生活在小麦和稻谷中的谷蠹和长角扁谷盗的毒力试验,结果表明:在相同的条件下(1)硅藻土对小麦的防护优于对稻谷的防护。(2)在25℃时对谷蠹的防效高于30℃的防效,对长角扁谷盗则相反。(3)硅藻土的防治效果随着相对湿度的降低而提高。(4)长角扁谷盗对硅藻土的敏感度是谷蠹的5￣6倍。在应用时从经济、有效的原则考虑,建议防治以谷蠹为主要害虫的储粮时以400mg/kg的剂量,防治长角扁谷盗时则以70mg/kg即可。     

A novel environment-induced genic male sterile (EGMS) mutant in indica rice

Summary Male-sterile mutants were isolated from M₂ and M₃ generations of indica rice variety 26 Zhaizao, dry seeds of which had been exposed to ⁶⁰Co- rays at a dose of 290 Gy. The mutants were planted in early season and ratooned in late season for two successive years for identification of fertility conversion in different growing seasons. One of the mutant lines was further observed in a growth chamber and in the field. Results showed that daily average temperature might be the major factor conditioning the male fertility conversion at a moderate daylength. The critical temperature for the male fertility conversion of the mutant grown under 12.5 h and 14.0 h daylength is about 23°C, below which the plant becomes completely male sterile. Its male fertility conversion character differs from other EGMS lines so far developed. The performance of the hybrids between the mutant and some other indica varieties demonstrated its good combining ability and its potential value in hybrid rice production. The obtained mutant line still sheds KI-stainable pollen grains under male sterilizing conditions. Nevertheless, pollen grains shed from the male sterile plants were much more vulnerable than from normal plants. At sucrose concentration below 1.5 M, the pollen grains from the mutant grown under male sterilizing conditions almost completely broke down, while above 1.5 M they became plasmolysed and shrunken. This is indicative of poor development of the membrane and walls of the pollen grains from the male sterile mutant, causing the pollen grains to be unfunctional. NBT test also clarified the abortion of the pollen grains from the mutant, which were formed in the male sterilizing environment.