“黄白散”对兔接种RHD疫苗后免疫功能的影响

在注射兔病毒性出血症 (RHD)疫苗后 ,30只兔随机分为 2组 ,试验组兔饲喂含 1 5 %黄白散的饲料。从接种到第 1 80天 ,每组取兔 8只 ,每隔 1 5d采血 1次 ,检测血凝抑制 (HI)抗体 ;在接种前 1天及接种后 5、 1 0、 1 7、 2 4、 31、 41、 5 1d ,每组取兔 1 0只 ,采血检测ANAE+淋巴细胞百分率 ;在 1 80、 2 4 0、 30 0d时 ,每组分别取兔 5只做攻毒保护试验。结果表明 :2组兔HI抗体峰值分别为 7 3log2和 9 8log2 ,差异极显著 (P <0 0 1 ) ;试验组疫苗保护期可延长 60d ;试验组ANAE+率从第 1 0天至 5 1天与对照组比较 ,差异极显著(P<0 0 1 )。所以黄白散可增强兔接种RHD疫苗后的特异性免疫功能 ,增强RHD疫苗的免疫效果。     

家禽败血型大肠杆菌病的防治

禽大肠杆菌病是由致病性埃希氏大肠杆菌引起的传染病，主要表现为肠炎、脐带炎、全眼球炎、气囊炎、卵黄性腹膜炎、大肠杆菌性肉芽肿、关节炎和败血症。由于致病性大肠杆菌血清型众多，各地血清型分布差异大，给防治工作带来很大的难度，对养禽业造成严重的危害。据统计，我国每年因大肠杆菌病死亡鸡３１７０多万羽，经济损失３亿多元。２０００年８月以来，我区大面积发生以神经症状及下痢为主要特征的败血型大肠杆菌病，我们进行了大量的防治研究工作，现报道如下：１流行情况２０００年８月中旬以来，在南宁市、南宁地区、玉林市、桂林市…     

Milk utilisation patterns in the low-input production systems in South Africa

Understanding the utilisation patterns of milk assists in designing appropriate dairy development schemes in rural communities. The objective of the study was to determine milk utilisation patterns in different smallholder farming systems in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data were collected through the administration of recording sheets to 130 randomly selected households in Alice, Fort Beaufort and Queenstown districts. Amounts of milk produced per household ranged from 9 to 21 l per household per day. Milk consumption/household/day was similar among the three districts. Milk consumption in the early lactation doubled the amount consumed in late lactation (P < 0.05). Milk in the communal areas was largely utilised as fresh or sour milk. Fresh milk was mostly used in tea/coffee or to make porridge for children. Sour milk was consumed with thick boiled maize meal. Fort Beaufort (10.2 ± 1.37 l/day) had the highest sour milk sales whilst Queenstown had the highest fresh milk sales (9.7 ± 5.57 l/day). It was concluded that quantities of milk consumed or sold as fresh or sour were generally low and varied across smallholder farming systems.     

Risk factors associated with occurrence of nematodes in free range pigs in Busia District,Kenya

Nematode infections are a serious constraint to pig production, especially where free range pig keeping is practiced. This study investigated the epidemiology of nematodes in free range pigs in Busia District, Kenya. Three hundred and six pigs from 135 farms were sampled for faeces that were analysed for nematode eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces using the McMaster technique. The nematode eggs were also identified to genus and species based on morphology. A questionnaire on risk factors was also administered to the pig owners. The overall prevalence and mean nematode EPG were 84.2% and 2,355, respectively. The nematode eggs were identified as those belonging to Oesophagostomum spp. (75%), Strongyloides ransomi (37%), Ascaris suum (18%), Metastrongylus spp. (11%), Trichuris suis (7%) and Physocephalus sexalatus (3%). The prevalence of nematodes was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the amount of rainfall in the division of the pigs' origin (all nematodes except S. ransomi). The prevalence of nematodes was also associated with the age of the pigs. A lower burden of nematodes was associated (p < 0.05) with a history of deworming (A. suum) and the provision of night housing (S. ransomi and Metastrongylus spp.). In conclusion, this study has provided information on nematode infections and the associated risk factors for free range pigs in Busia District, which can be used when implementing integrated control measures.     

Effect of supplementation of Simada sheep with graded levels of concentrate meal on feed intake,digestibility and body-weight parameters

The experiment consisting of 7 days of digestibility and 90 days of feeding trial was conducted at Wogda (Ethiopia) to determine the effect of supplementation of graded levels of concentrate mix (CM) on feed intake, digestibility, and body weight (BW) change in hay-based feeding of Simada sheep. Twenty-yearling Simada sheep with a mean initial BW of 17.9 ± 0.81 kg (mean ± SD) were used in randomized complete block design arranged into five blocks of four animals. The four dietary treatments that consisted of hay alone (T1), hay +150 g dry matter (DM; T2, low), hay +250 g DM (T3, medium), and hay +350 g DM (T4, high) CM were randomly assigned to each sheep within a block. The CM consisted of wheat bran (WB), noug seed (Guizotia abyssinica) meal and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed meal at the ratio of (2:1:1), respectively. Supplementation with T2 and T3 increased (P < 0.001) total DM and organic matter intake than the control treatment. Overall, supplementation improved (P < 0.001) crude protein intake, digestibility, feed conversion efficiency, BW gain, and profitability compared to the control, whereas sheep on the high than the low and medium level of supplementation performed better in these parameters among the supplemented treatments. From the results of this study, T4 is recommended as the best level of supplementation since it resulted in better nutrient utilization, animal performance, and profitability.     

犬瘟热、犬细小病毒胶体金二联检测卡研制

本研究通过细胞融合、间接ELISA方法筛选出4株可稳定分泌犬瘟热病毒(canine distemper virus,CDV)和犬细小病毒(canine parvovirus,CPV)单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,以此为基础研制了一种可同时检测CDV和CPV的胶体金二联检测卡,并对其特异性、灵敏度及准确性进行了测试。结果显示：4株杂交瘤细胞可稳定传代,分泌的单克隆抗体纯度高,效价均在1:320以上。制备的胶体金二联检测卡特异性强,只与CDV和CPV产生特异性条带,而不与其他犬类病毒反应;灵敏度高,最低检测限可达到10²拷贝/μL;准确性好,与荧光定量PCR结果的符合率高于88.0%,与市面上单一病毒检测卡的符合率高于97.2%。结果表明,本研究制备的CDV、CPV胶体金二联检测卡特异性强、灵敏度高、准确性好,兼具操作简便、肉眼可判读、结果易保存和无需特殊仪器设备等优势,可用于两种疾病的临床快速诊断和大规模检测工作。     

氮素水平对科尔沁沙地羊草叶片氮代谢及产量的影响

合理的施氮量可以提高羊草氮素代谢关键酶活性,促进羊草氮素积累和利用,进而获得高产.为确定科尔沁沙地羊草适宜施氮量及其促高产的生理机制,采用随机区组设计,选取两块样地分别追施0、50、100、150、200 kg/hm2氮肥(纯N),分别用No、N1、N2、N3、N4表示,5月20日测定羊草叶片氮代谢相关酶活性及含氮物质含量,7月10日测定羊草产量.结果 表明:羊草产量、硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)活性和游离氨基酸(AA)、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量均随施氮量的增加而呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,其中NR、GS、GOT、GPT活性和AA含量在N3水平下达到最大值;羊草产量和可溶性蛋白含量在N2水平下达到最大值.结论:在科尔沁沙地生境下追施150 kg/hm2氮肥(纯N)羊草叶片的氮素代谢能力最强,最有利于羊草干物质产量的积累.     

鹅GHR基因荧光定量PCR险测方法的建立

采用PCR方法克隆了鹅生长激素受体(GHR)基因,构建了重组质粒pMD-18T-GHR,并将其作为标准阳性模板.通过对反应条件进行优化,以定量的10倍系列稀释的质粒pMD-18T-GHR为标准品进行荧光定量PCR扩增,建立了检测GHR的荧光定量PCR方法.结果显示,该方法构建的标准曲线线性关系良好,建立的GHR基因荧光定量PCR检测方法灵敏度高、特异性强(可以检测出低于10个拷贝/μL的样品),准确可靠.籽鹅和莱茵鹅GHRmRNA出壳到90日龄生长过程中肝脏中的表达量不同,30日龄不同组织表达量各有变化特点.     

牛Th1/Th2型细胞因子实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据GenBank中牛Th1/Th2(BoTNF-α、BoIFN-γ、BoIL-2、BoIL-4、BoIL-6、BoIL-8、BoIL-10)型细胞因子的基因序列,在保守区设计并合成各自特异引物,并以牛3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(GAPDH)基因为内参,采用SYBR GreenⅠ染料以建立实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。将Th1/Th2型细胞因子基因克隆至pMD18-T载体上,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,经PCR及测序鉴定后得到阳性重组质粒,作为标准品模板建立SYBR-GreenⅠ荧光定量RT-PCR标准曲线和溶解曲线,并做灵敏性、特异性和重复性试验。对建立的Th1/Th2型细胞因子SYBR-GreenⅠ实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行分析,结果表明牛IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-γ和GAPDH基因的Ct值与标准品稀释度在1×101～1×108 copies/μL范围分别呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.991。溶解曲线分析表明产物为特异的单峰,具有较高的灵敏性和特异性,重复性较好。建立了检测Th1/Th2型细胞因子的实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,为在mR-NA水平对牛Th1/Th2型细胞因子的定量分析奠定了基础。     

乳猪体内糖类的消化和吸收研究

乳猪小肠内葡萄糖的分布状况既与饲料的碳水化合物种类和数量相关，也与小肠的不同部位相关，十二指肠段和空肠段分别是乳糖、淀粉类碳水化合物分解和葡萄糖吸收的主要部位血糖浓度离肝脏越远含量越低，而与饲料中糖类含量的多少无关。