双限性四元家蚕新品种“农科2号”选育初报

农科2号是一个综合性状优良的多丝量双限性四元家蚕新品种。本文主要介绍了该品种的选育经过,分析了初步育成期实验室鉴定成绩和浙江省家蚕新品种实验室鉴定成绩,最后总结了该品种的原种和杂交种性状。     

ADP-核糖基化调控精子形成的研究进展

ADP-核糖基化是由ADP-核糖基转移酶((ADP-ribosyl) transferases,ARTs)催化的一种蛋白质翻译后修饰,分为聚-ADP-核糖基化和单-ADP-核糖基化,在着丝点和纺锤体组装、DNA损伤修复及精子染色质重塑等多个精子发生生物学事件中发挥重要调控作用.部分ARTs基因缺失使精子形成异常,导致精...     

Comparative expression profile of microRNAs and piRNAs in three ruminant species testes using next‐generation sequencing

microRNA (miRNA) and piwi‐interacting RNA (piRNA) are two classes small non‐coding regulatory RNAs that play crucial roles in multiple biological processes such as spermatogenesis. However, there are no published studies on conjoint analysis of miRNA and piRNA profiles among cattle, yak and their interspecies (the dzo) using sequencing technology. Next‐generation sequencing technology was used to profile miRNAs and piRNAs among those three ruminants to elucidate their functions. A total of 119, 14 and six differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained in cattle vs. dzo, cattle vs. yak and yak vs. dzo comparison groups, while there were 873, 1,065 and 1,158 differentially expressed piRNAs in those three comparison groups. The expression of three miRNAs was validated in the three ruminants, and the results suggested that the miRNA expression profiles data could represent actual miRNA expression levels. Moreover, the putative targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by their own genome, it is worth to note that both the cattle and yak genome were used for dzo, then the targets were subjected to GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis, revealing the likely roles for these differentially expressed miRNAs in spermatogenesis. In conclusion, this study provided a useful resource for further elucidation of the miRNAs and piRNAs regulatory roles in spermatogenesis. It may also facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for dzo reproduction research.     

魏氏梭菌病诊断方法研究进展

魏氏梭菌病是由魏氏梭菌引起的,可感染多种动物,以导致犊牛肠毒血症、绵羊羔痢疾、仔猪坏死性肠炎以及兔肠炎等为主要特征的一种重要的人兽共患传染病.该菌通常感染2月龄～10月龄且膘情较好的牛、羊,在其消化道产生大量原毒素,经胰蛋白酶激活变为毒素,从而进入血液,引发的疾病发生非常突然,与家畜"猝死症"有密切联系.病理变化以全身实质器官出血为突出特征,反刍动物以瓣胃、肠管最为明显.目前,已成功研制出浓缩氢氧化铝灭活苗、类毒素疫苗来控制此病.文章综述了近年来针对魏氏梭菌分型,病原、毒素及抗毒素的免疫学和分子生物学等方面诊断技术研究进展.     

Intake and digestibility in sheep and chemical composition during different seasons of some West African browse species

Foliage of Afzelia africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Khaya senegalensis, from 10 trees per species, was collected every two weeks during the late dry, rainy and cool season to determine the seasonal effects on chemical composition. Fifteen rams of the Djallonké breed, weighing on average 20.0 kg, were used to evaluate the voluntary intake and digestibility of hay of A. gayanus, foliage of A. africana (as a sole feed), and A. africana, P. erinaceus and K. senegalensis offered with 30% of the diet as A. gayanus hay. The crude protein (CP) content of A. africana, and P. erinaceus decreased significantly from the late dry season to the cool season when that of K. senegalensis tended to increase. The mean CP of A. africana, P. erinaceus and K. senegalensis differed significantly (173 g, 139 g and 114 g/kg DM, respectively). The DM intake of A. africana offered with hay (571 g/d) or as a sole feed (598 g/d) were not significantly different, but was higher than that of P. erinaceus (428 g/d) and K. senegalensis (298 g/d). The digestibility calculated by difference of DM and CP of A. africana (582 g/kg DM and 795 g/kg CP, respectively) did not differ significantly from A. africana as a sole feed, but were higher than for the other species. The nutritive value of A. africana seems to justify the high preference of herders for this species.     

蛋氨酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞亚细胞蛋白质组的影响研究

为寻找奶牛乳腺上皮细胞亚细胞结构中与泌乳相关的重要蛋白质、从蛋白质水平揭示乳蛋白合成的调控机制,应用双向凝胶电泳技术分离体外培养的蛋氨酸处理组与正常组奶牛乳腺上皮细胞蛋白质,利用Image Maser 2D软件对图谱进行对比分析,基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)和数据库检索鉴定,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术在mRNA水平上验证2-DE结果。质谱鉴定出8个表达上调的差异蛋白质,大多数差异蛋白质的功能涉及细胞骨架构成、能量代谢等过程。这些差异点的发现为研究奶牛泌乳机理提供了有益的线索。     

引起猪繁殖障碍的原因及控制措施综述(Ⅰ)

猪繁殖障碍是指母猪出现不发情、不怀孕、流产、死产、死胎、木乃伊和产后无乳等临床症状的疾病。近年来,由于诸多因素的共同作用,猪繁殖障碍有呈发展之势,所造成的经济损失十分巨大,严重影响养猪生产的发展。本文就其发病原因和综合防治措施作简要叙述,供读者参考。1发病原因1·1饲养管理因素1·1·1后备母猪不发情引起后备母猪不发情的原因:圈舍设计不合理,气温过高,通风不良,闷热潮湿,不能吃进充足饲料,易患嗜血杆菌病、猪肺疫、弓形体病等高热病;饲料营养差,生殖器官发育不良,母猪缺乏调教,缺乏性刺激,母猪过肥或过瘦,饲料中维生素和矿…     

First report of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neospora caninum</Emphasis> infection in cattle in Sudan

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Sudan to determine sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in non-vaccinated dairy herds and to assess importance of the disease. Blood samples were collected from a total of 262 animals from 25 herds. Sera were tested for antibodies against N. caninum using ELISA test. The prevalence rates of N. caninum antibodies in cattle were high both at herd level (44%) and at individual animal level (10.7%). Herd level infection rates were similar in Khartoum State (43.7%) and at Gazira States (44.4%). The overall prevalence rates were higher (16.1%) in Gazira State than in Khartoum State (9%) but with no significant variation. The sero-prevalence at individual animal level was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in animals with history of abortion (12.8%) than in apparently healthy animal (11.3%), animal with history of infertility (8.1%), or neonatal death of calves (4.3%). In addition, significantly higher (P < 0.05) sero-prevalence was observed in samples collected during the rainy season (6.87%) than winter (3.05%) or summer (0.76%). However, no significant differences in sero-prevalence due to locality, animal breed, sex, and age were observed (p > 0.05). This preliminary study reveals for the first time the existence of natural N. caninum infection in Sudan. Also, the findings of the present study indicated that this disease is highly prevalent in two major areas of dairy production in the country, and this calls for control strategy to be implemented.     

我国执业兽医资格考试现状

我国执业兽医准入制度已经建立,但执业兽医体系建设才刚刚开始。通过对全国执业兽医资格考试情况的分析,建议从三个方面加快建设：一是通过立法保障执业兽医社会职责的发挥及应有社会地位的获得;二是提高我国执业兽医的本科教育及继续教育水平,建立教育机构评估机制;三是完善执业兽医配套岗位和工作制度,通过行业协会更好地规范执业行为,加快与国际接轨的步伐。