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991.
Rotacio S. Gravoso Nestor O. Gregorio Maria Anabelle D. Gerona Moises Neil V. Seri?o Steve R. Harrison Herville V. Pajaron Jayson V. Godoy 《Small-Scale Forestry》2011,10(4):473-488
Through a series of workshops with the stakeholders including nursery operators, tree farmers, staff of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, local government units and the academe, a forestry seedling nursery accreditation policy
was developed. The resulting policy was subsequently implemented by the municipal government of Palompon, Leyte. The accreditation
policy encouraged nursery operators to follow smallholder-based best management practices for tree nurseries. Implementation
of the nursery accreditation policy improved farmers’ knowledge and skills in the production of high quality seedlings, encouraged
adoption of BMP for forest nurseries, provided additional source of income for the farmers, enabled members of the groups
operating the communal nursery to forge closer relationship with each other, encouraged utilization of farmers’ free time
in productive activities, developed farmers’ confidence in producing high quality planting materials, and gained for the farmers
favourable attention from various organizations and groups. The Bennett’s hierarchy of project outcomes showed that the implementation
of accreditation scheme achieved high levels of outcomes, indicating that it led to substantial improvements in the lives
of the farmers. 相似文献
992.
993.
Coffee agroecosystem performance under full sun, shade, conventional and organic management regimes in Central America 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Haggar M. Barrios M. Bola?os M. Merlo P. Moraga R. Munguia A. Ponce S. Romero G. Soto C. Staver E. de M. F. Virginio 《Agroforestry Systems》2011,82(3):285-301
Changes in coffee economics are leading producers to reduce agrochemical use and increase the use of shade. Research is needed on how to balance the competition from shade trees with the provision of ecological services to the coffee. In 2000, long-term coffee experiments were established in Costa Rica and Nicaragua to compare coffee agroecosystem performance under full sun, legume and non-legume shade types, and intensive and moderate conventional and organic inputs. Coffee yield from intensive organic production was not significantly different from intensive conventional in Nicaragua, but in Costa Rica it was lower during three of the six harvests. Full sun coffee production over 6 years was greater than shaded coffee in Costa Rica (61.8 vs. 44.7 t ha?1, P = 0.0002). In Nicaragua, full sun coffee production over 5 years (32.1 t ha?1) was equal to coffee with shade that included Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC., (27?C30 t ha?1) and both were more productive (P = 0.03) than coffee shaded with Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (21.6 t ha?1). Moderate input organic production was significantly lower than other managements under all shade types, except in the presence of Erythrina poepiggina (Walp.) O.F. Cook. Inga and Erythrina had greater basal area and nutrient recycling from prunings than other shade species. Intensive organic production increased soil pH and P, and had higher K compared to moderate conventional. Although legume shade trees potentially provide ecological services to associated coffee, this depends on management of the competition from those same trees. 相似文献
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996.
在日本,由于近几年河鲀鱼病害发生的复杂性,给河鲀鱼养殖带来相当的危害。原本在养殖业中具有相当水准和经验的养殖业者,也为目前所遭遇河鲀鱼复杂病害的侵扰而无奈。本文以2004年在三瓶湾海域所发生的河鲀鱼养殖病害的诊断为例,做如下叙述。 相似文献
997.
The suitability of visible implant alphanumeric (VI-alpha) and passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tagging to individually identify seahorses (Hippocampus abdominalis) was assessed in two trials. For each trial, 24 seahorses were tagged and mortality, growth, tag retention and tag visibility/readability assessed, together with 24 control seahorses, over a period of 3 months. For VI-alpha tagging, a single tag was inserted under the skin between the first two anterior lateral tail rings of the seahorses. There was no difference in final seahorse length, wet weight, or mean SGR in tagged seahorses, compared with control seahorses, after 3 months. Tag retention was 100%, as was survival, in both treatments. Tag detection with the naked eye was generally poor but improved using LED blue light. However, readability of tag codes was highly variable and insufficiently reliable for VI-alpha to be suitable for identification of individual seahorses. In PIT-tagged seahorses, a single FDX-B transponder was inserted into the abdominal cavity of seahorses. There was also no difference in final seahorse length, wet weight, or mean SGR, compared with control seahorses, after 3 months. Tag retention was also 100%, as was survival in both treatments. Readability of transponders was reliable and quick using a compact reader. PIT-tagging is considered suitable for individual identification of large H. abdominalis. 相似文献
998.
Mutsuhide?TsuchimotoEmail author Paula?A?G?Apablaza Mutsuyosi?Tsuchimoto Qin?Wang Katsuyasu?Tachibana 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(1):205-212
ABSTRACT: As part of a study to clarify the differences in the temporal change in K -value among fish species, the temporal change in K -value and the 5'-inosine monophosphate (5'-IMP) and p-nitrophenol phosphate (p-NPP) degrading activities in the red, pink, and white muscle fibers in the dorsal muscle of the carp were compared. The temporal change in K -value was fastest in red, followed by pink, and white muscle fibers, at both 0°C and 32°C. Moreover, the 5'-IMP and p-NPP degrading activities were highest in red, followed by pink, and white muscle fibers at near optimum pH concentrations. The 5'-IMP degrading activity at pH 7.0 had a positive correlation with the increasing rate of K -value at 32°C for all types of muscle fibers. These results suggest that differences in increasing rates of K -values between red, pink, and white muscle fibers corresponded to the 5'-IMP degrading activities. 相似文献
999.
Hideomi?AmanoEmail author Makoto?Kakinuma Daniel?A?Coury Haruka?Ohno Takaaki?Hara 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(5):1160-1166
ABSTRACT: To assess the effect of a seaweed mixture on lipid levels in serum as well as platelet aggregation in rats, Eisenia bicyclis ('Arame'), Hizikia fusiformis ('Hijiki') and Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls ('Mekabu'), all brown seaweeds, and Porphyra yezoensis ('Susabinori'), a red seaweed, were powdered and mixed in a ratio of 45:30:20:5 (w/w). When rats were fed a cholesterol-rich diet containing this mixture of seaweeds (9–10% w/w) for 28 days, serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, and triglyceride levels declined significantly to 49.7%, 48.1%, 49.0% and 74.8%, respectively, of those of the control. Serum HDL-cholesterol, however, was unchanged. Though activated partial thromboplatin time, prothrombin time, antithrombin III activity, and fibrinogen levels in plasma were unchanged, the maximal ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation decreased significantly to 89.0% and 85.5% control levels, respectively. These results indicate that this mixture of E. bicyclis , H. fusiformis , U. pinnatifida sporophylls, and P. yezoensis , is useful for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and thrombosis in rats. 相似文献
1000.