枇杷种质资源幼龄树丰产性鉴定及模糊综合评判

在统一种植管理条件下,对228份枇杷种质资源进行丰产性鉴定,研究了中心枝数、中心枝抽穗数、侧枝数等20个生物学性状与单株产量的关系,运用模糊聚类法对丰产性进行综合评判。结果表明,228份枇杷种质资源的单株产量0.4~29.1 kg,变异系数58.8%,具有丰富的多样性;中心枝数、侧枝数、枝梢总数、中心枝抽穗数、枝梢抽穗数、侧枝抽穗数、株高、冠径、干周、叶幂层厚、中心枝抽穗率、单果重、穗坐果数等13个性状与单株产量呈显著正相关关系(p0.05)、回归显著;利用丰产性度量值(D值)进行模糊聚类,将228份枇杷种质资源丰产性分为5级,并鉴定筛选出产量高(单株产量16.0 kg)、丰产性好(D值0.580)的枇杷种质资源10份。     

橡胶树红根病病原菌生物学培养特性

对橡胶树红根病病原菌Ganoderma Pseudoferreum(wakef)Orver.et steinm [异名Ganoderma philippii(Bres.et.Henn)Bres.)]生物学培养特性进行研究.结果表明,菌丝生长的最适宜温度为28℃,最适pH值为6-7,该菌可有效地利用部分碳源和氮源,碳源以D-果糖和酵母浸出液最好,氮源以蛋白胨最好.光照处理对菌丝的生长有明显影响,黑暗利于菌丝生长,光照有抑制作用,黑光能杀死菌丝.菌丝的致死温度为62℃,10min.     

影响吉林省亚洲玉米螟〔Ostrinia furnacalis（Guenee）〕一代发生区发生量长期预测的关键因子Ⅱ.发生程度与降雨及种群质量的关系

玉米螟的发生程度与5～8月初的降雨和种群质量密切相关，降雨主要影响越冬种群的复苏、化蛹、羽化、成虫的活动及3令前幼虫的存活，5～6月份特别干旱不利于越冬种群的复苏、化蛹和羽化．对成虫的产卵量有影响；7月份的干旱或大暴雨严重影响成虫的活动、卵的孵化和3令前幼虫的存活。不同年度间一、二化种群在越冬种群中所占的比例影响越冬种群的质量，在以一化种群为主时，玉米螟繁殖力强、发生晚，危害重。     

水稻细菌性条斑病种子劳菌检测技术研究：Ⅱ.离体检测法

 经3年研究建立了一套用离体稻叶检测稻种带细条病菌的方法，应用该方法成功地将44份自然发病的细条病病种接种到离体稻叶上并产生菌脓。甩1％水琼脂加90 ppm无毒苯口并咪唑．在30℃下可使水稻幼苗的离体叶保持15～20 d，可满足细条病接种发病的时间需要。应用纯菌测定该方法的灵敏度，最低可检测浓度为5×10^3 Cells／ml。由于选择了最佳的温度、湿度/光照、苗龄及其它有关环境条件， 使1．2～4．0 g的病种经研碎浸泡后浓缩针刺接种干离体稻叶上在3 d后出现病斑，5.5～8.5 d后产生菌脓，与其它血清学检测方法相比，离体检测法具有直观、可靠、简便、稳定等优点。特别可避免由于种子携带丧失活性的细条病菌或其它病菌而引起的误诊。     

Identification of Two Novel Anti-Fibrotic Benzopyran Compounds Produced by Engineered Strains Derived from Streptomyces xiamenensis M1-94P that Originated from Deep-Sea Sediments

The benzopyran compound obtained by cultivating a mangrove-derived strain, Streptomyces xiamenensis strain 318, shows multiple biological effects, including anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophic scar properties. To increase the diversity in the structures of the available benzopyrans, by means of biosynthesis, the strain was screened for spontaneous rifampicin resistance (Rif), and a mutated rpsL gene to confer streptomycin resistance (Str), was introduced into the S. xiamenensis strain M1-94P that originated from deep-sea sediments. Two new benzopyran derivatives, named xiamenmycin C (1) and D (2), were isolated from the crude extracts of a selected Str-Rif double mutant (M6) of M1-94P. The structures of 1 and 2 were identified by analyzing extensive spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 both inhibit the proliferation of human lung fibroblasts (WI26), and 1 exhibits better anti-fibrotic activity than xiamenmycin. Our study presents the novel bioactive compounds isolated from S. xiamenensis mutant strain M6 constructed by ribosome engineering, which could be a useful approach in the discovery of new anti-fibrotic compounds.     

西瓜枯萎病研究进展

综合叙述了近年来国内外有关西瓜抗枯萎病机理研究和抗性遗传的报道，其中着重阐述了西瓜枯萎病菌的专化性及其生理小种的种类，并提出了一系列综合防治措施，以期对西瓜的生产、研究有一定的参考价值。     

牛鼻栓种子的主要化学成分和萌发条件的初步研究

分析了牛鼻栓种子的主要化学万分并对种子的萌发条件进行了初步的探索。结果牛鼻栓咱子含有较高的粗蛋白（３７．７３％）和粗脂肪（３３．８０％）,较低的淀粉（２．５３％）和一糖（２．７５％）,富含钾、钙、镁、铁,锌等矿质１７种氨基酸,具有很高的开发利用价值,实验表明中子有休眠特性,需要一定的低温或层积处理来打破休眠。５０－２００ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＧＡ３,１００ｍｇ／Ｌ的６－ＢＡ和青霉素示有有效打丰休眠,但６－ＢＡ     

Chemical fertilizer reduction and soil fertility maintenance in rice-fish coculture system

In the long run, whether the use of chemical fertilizers could be reduced and soil fertility could be maintained through rice-fish coculture is less well known. At the pilot site of the rice-fish coculture system, which is one of the five “globally important agricultural heritage systems” (GIAHS), we conducted a 4-year study to compare fertilizer use, rice yield, and soil fertility in rice-fish coculture and rice monoculture. Based on the survey data from 21 villages, rice yield did not differ between rice monoculture and rice-fish coculture, but less chemical fertilizers were used in rice-fish coculture than in rice monoculture. Survey data from 145 farms also showed that rice-fish coculture farms with high input of feed for fish used less chemical fertilizers for rice production than farms with low input of feed for fish. In the 4-year field experiment, although less fertilizer was used in rice-fish coculture, rice yield, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, and soluble phosphorus did not differ between rice-fish coculture and rice monoculture. Our results suggest that rice-fish coculture can reduce chemical fertilizers application, enhance land productivity, and maintain soil fertility. Our results also suggest that rice-fish coculture could reduce the risk of non-point source pollution by reducing the input of chemical fertilizers.     

光照强度对毛竹竹笋到幼竹生长过程的影响

为了解毛竹竹笋到幼竹生长过程对光的需求,通过对野外毛竹林样地内竹笋设置笋尖透光、全遮光2种处理,以全自然光作对照,动态测定了各处理下毛竹幼竹的生长指标,结果表明:不同光照强度对毛竹幼竹成竹过程有显著差异,笋尖透光处理的毛竹生长最好,株高、胸径分别比对照提高了12.99%和2.43%。从动态生长看,毛竹株高从3月份到4月底,增长相对缓慢,5月份开始,增长明显加快,到5月下旬至6月初增长平缓,毛竹的生长过程基本结束。而毛竹胸径从4月底开始,迅速增加,到5月中旬达到稳定不变,与对照相比差异不显著(P<0.05),说明毛竹胸径的大小几乎不受光照强度的影响,而取决于竹笋的大小。但其生长过程受到光照强度的影响,适当遮光有助于提前进入胸径生长。3种立地条件下,表现的趋势基本一致。这对解释毛竹幼竹在林下迅速进入林冠层而似乎不依赖较强光照强度有着重要的理论意义,同时有利于分析毛竹成功扩张到周边森林群落的内在机制。