Analysis of soil fertility and optimal nitrogen application of brown earth (luvisols) in China

The excessive application of nitrogen (N) has caused a series of environmental problems. Brown earth (BE) is one of the main soil types in China, and the specific soil-forming conditions make it high risk of nutrient leaching. Determining the soil fertility of BE and optimal N application rates for main crops’ production is important to reduce nitrogen leaching. Based on China's second national soil survey, the basic fertility level of BE was defined, and the effects of four N management methods [one-time base fertilizer (BF), topdressing (TF), combined organic fertilizer (OF) and controlled-release fertilizer (CF)] on maize and wheat yield and N efficiency were analysed. The study found that except for lower phosphorus content (level 4), the soil fertility of BE was at a moderate level (level 3). Compared with no N application, these four N management methods significantly increased the maize and wheat yield and showed the trend of OF > CF > TF > BF; TF, CF and OF significantly increased the N efficiency comparison with BF. The optimal N application rates for wheat and maize were 129–174 kg ha⁻¹ and 170–235 kg ha⁻¹, respectively, when considering the win–win of yield and N efficiency. N fertilizer reduction in BE needs to be further strengthened, and the specific N application rates to achieve profit maximization should be adjusted depending on environmental factors.     

水分胁迫对夏玉米籽粒灌浆的影响及其与内源激素的关系

以郑单958为试验材料,在人工遮雨棚池栽条件下采用不同的灌溉量,研究干旱胁迫对夏玉米籽粒灌浆的影响及其与内源激素的关系,拟为如何缓解干旱对夏玉米籽粒灌浆的抑制作用提供依据。结果表明:干旱胁迫显著降低夏玉米籽粒灌浆速率,进而降低夏玉米粒质量;同时,干旱胁迫显著提高夏玉米籽粒中ABA含量,降低了籽粒中IAA、Z+ZR和GAs含量;相关性分析表明,在不同水分处理下,ABA与夏玉米籽粒灌浆速率呈显著负相关,IAA和Z+ZR与夏玉米籽粒灌浆速率呈极显著正相关关系。可见,水分可能主要通过影响籽粒中IAA、ABA和Z+ZR 3种激素调控夏玉米籽粒灌浆。