基于文献计量分析我国玉米黑穗病研究现状

以《中国期刊全文数据库》的数据为检索对象,采用文献计量学的方法,从年度载文量、核心作者群、合作度、主要产出单位及区域、期刊分布等方面对玉米丝黑穗病研究文献进行统计,进一步分析国内该领域的研究热点从而揭示近10a来我国对玉米丝黑穗病研究的现状和发展趋势     

羽叶千里光化学成分及生物活性研究进展

对羽叶千里光（Senecio argunensis Turcz.）的化学成分、药理作用进行综述,为其进一步开发利用提供理论依据。     

Economics of Sustainable Intensification of Aquaculture: Evidence from Shrimp Farms in Vietnam and Thailand

There is growing interest in sustainable intensification of aquaculture production. Yet little economic analysis has been done on farm‐level effects of the economic sustainability of production intensification. Data from 83 shrimp farms (43 in Vietnam and 40 in Thailand) were used to identify (through principal component and cluster analyses) 13 clusters of management practices that reflected various scales of production intensity that ranged from 0–1999 kg/ha/crop to 10,000 kg/ha/crop and above, for both Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei in Vietnam and Thailand. The clusters identified reflected sets of management practices that resulted in differing yields despite similarities in stocking densities among some clusters. The enterprise budget analysis developed showed that the more intensively managed clusters outperformed the less intensively managed clusters in economic terms. More intensively managed farm clusters had lower costs per metric ton of shrimp produced and were more profitable. The greater yields of shrimp produced per hectare of land and water resources in more intensively managed shrimp farms spread annual fixed costs across a greater volume of shrimp produced and reduced the cost per metric ton of shrimp. Costs per metric ton of shrimp produced decreased from the lowest to the highest intensity level (from US$10,245 at lowest intensity to US$3484 at highest for P. monodon and from US$24,301 to US$5387 for L. vannamei in Vietnam and from US$8184 at the lowest intensity level to US$3817 at the highest intensity level per metric ton for L. vannamei in Thailand). Costs of pond amendments used in shrimp production were particularly high in Vietnam and largely unwarranted, whereas fixed costs associated with the value of land, production facilities, equipment, and labor were sufficiently high in Thailand so that net returns were negative in the long run. Nevertheless, economic losses in Thailand were less at greater levels of intensification. The study demonstrated a clear value proposition for shrimp farmers to use natural resources (such as land) and other inputs in an efficient manner and supports findings from corresponding research on farm‐level natural resource use efficiency. Additional research that incorporates economic analysis into on‐farm studies of sustainable intensification of aquaculture is needed to provide ongoing guidance related to sustainable management practices for aquaculture.     

黑荆树经营数表编制的研究——Ⅱ经济材出材量表与树皮材积、重量表

黑荆树的树皮和木材分别是提取栲胶、造纸和培养香菇的好原料。福建省漳州市各县已建立了一定规模的原料基地。为正确测定黑荆树的经济材出材量与树皮的材积、重量,笔者调查了133块标准地,砍伐样木333株,继编制了立木材表后,又编制了经济材出材量表与树皮材积、重量表。编表中采用了3个数学模型的选择,所编的数表总体精度均在95％以上。精度高,具有一定的实用价值。     

4个多年生黑麦草品种对干旱胁迫的生理响应

为研究不同品种多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)的抗旱能力,选取4个多年生黑麦草品种,采用水培试验的方法,在温室利用PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,测定多年生黑麦草的草坪质量、地上部与地下部增长量、含水量、叶绿素含量以及抗氧化酶活性等生理指标。研究表明,干旱胁迫至10 d时,4个多年生黑麦草品种生长均受到明显抑制,同时4个品种的植株含水量都处于下降的趋势。此外,4个品种中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶等抗氧化酶活性都出现了先上升后下降的趋势,丙二醛含量增加。利用隶属函数分析法进行抗旱性评价。结果表明,4种多年生黑麦草的抗旱能力强弱表现为Pr521>维达斯>百灵鸟> Pr525。     

基于地表水目标水质的畜禽粪便水环境承载力估算

针对南方水网地区畜禽养殖业发展受限问题,以浙江省江山港流域为研究对象,实地调研核定流域水污染物来源途径与入河污染负荷量;基于QUAL2K模型,建立地表水水质响应模型,评估江山港流域在达到目标水质时的畜禽粪便水环境承载力;运用情景分析法探究畜禽养殖与地表水水质响应关系。结果表明：1)2020年江山港流域入河负荷量为190.564 t（以氨氮计）,土壤流失、污水处理厂、化肥施用、有机肥施用和水产养殖分别占总负荷的70.0%、14.8%、11.0%、2.8%和1.4%。2）当水质目标设定为达到Ⅰ类和优于Ⅱ类时,江山港流域能承载畜禽最大养殖量分别为133.5万和1 622.1万头猪当量,当前养殖规模未超载。3）江山港流域地表水水质对畜禽养殖量的响应关系弱,畜禽养殖不是流域水环境保护的制约因素。建议江山港流域加强生态沟渠的建设与管理,协同实现畜禽养殖业发展与水环境保护。     

LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling mediates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Liver fibrosis results from liver inflammation and progresses to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is known that nonalcoholic liver disease is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2)–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether alcoholic liver disease is also mediated by this pathway. To this end, we first established rat models of liver fibrosis by administering alcohol. Next, the rats were injected with anti-TLR4 and anti-MD-2 antibodies. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Moreover, the expression of molecules related to liver fibrosis was estimated. The morphology of rat liver tissue was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining. For in vitro studies, Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from the liver were transfected with si-TLR4 and si-MD-2 and co-cultured with HSCs to determine the activity of HSCs. It was found that alcohol treatment activated the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and upregulated the molecules associated with liver fibrosis. However, inhibition of TLR4 and MD-2 partially reversed this trend. Notably, in vitro studies indicated that knockdown of TLR4 and MD-2 in KCs partially inhibited LPS-induced activation of KCs and HSCs. Overall, this study showed that alcohol induces liver fibrosis via the LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway.     

干燥过程的变质量热力学分析

对一种典型热泵干燥系统进行了实验研究,并进行了干燥过程的变质量热力学分析,其方程具有普遍性。对过程进行质量守恒分析和变质量热力学第一定律分析,得到了干燥过程需热量和干燥效率等参数,并与经典热力学分析方法做出比较,最后给出了实际干燥过程为等焓过程的条件。     

不同超干方法与几种蔬菜种子储藏效应的研究

 采用硅胶干燥、真空冷冻干燥、低温低湿干燥以及加温干燥4 种方法将6 种蔬菜种子的含水量降到5 %以下, 在常温储存条件下保存10 年后进行的发芽试验表明其发芽率与10 年前比较没有明显变化, , 唯加温干燥的种子降低了萌发时抵抗逆境的活力, 种子生活力均未降低。