1～14日龄北京鸭胆碱需要量及缺乏症的初步探究

本试验旨在研究1～14日龄北京鸭胆碱需要量及胆碱缺乏病的临床学特点.试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,将384只1日龄健康雄性北京鸭随机分成8组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸭.采用玉米-大豆分离蛋白-玉米淀粉型饲粮,各组胆碱水平分别为302、496、778、990、1 182、1 414、l 625、1 832 mg/kg.试验期为14 d.结果表明:1)饲粮胆碱水平对北京鸭平均日增重和平均日采食量有显著影响(P＜0.05),并随胆碱水平的增加而升高,在990mg/kg时达到最大;但饲粮胆碱水平对料重比没有显著影响(P＞0.05).2)饲粮中胆碱缺乏明显抑制北京鸭生长发育,各组表现出不同程度的胆碱缺乏症,表现为从腿骨无力而爬行、胫跖骨关节肿大、跛脚站立不起到死亡的变化趋势,其中302 mg/kg胆碱组最为严重;饲粮胆碱水平达到1 182 mg/kg时,胆碱缺乏症能够得到有效缓解.3)以平均日增重和平均日采食量为评定指标,采用二次曲线模型估算的1～14日龄北京鸭胆碱需要量分别为l 289和l 291 mg/kg.综合以上结果得出,饲粮胆碱缺乏显著抑制北京鸭生长发育,l ～ 14日龄北京鸭胆碱推荐量为1 300 mg/kg.     

弱光对蔬菜作物光合特性影响的研究进展

光合作用是绿色植物赖以生存的基础,弱光胁迫下植物为了能够在逆境中正常生长,其光合特性会发生改变。本文对国内外关于弱光逆境对蔬菜作物光合参数、光合色素、叶绿素荧光、光合酶、叶片结构等光合特性影响方面的研究进行回顾总结,并对目前研究中的局限及下一步研究方向进行分析展望。     

木耳属4个野生菌株的培养特性研究

通过研究不同营养和环境条件对木耳属4个主要种类的野生菌株生长速率和生长势等培养特性的影响,明确了黑木耳、毛木耳、皱木耳、紫木耳菌丝生长的最适温度范围以及最佳碳源和氮源。     

猪瘟与仔猪副伤寒混合感染的诊断

2006年3月，开阳县某养猪场引进的商品猪发生一种死亡率为45％的疫病，经流行病学调查、临床症状与病理剖解观察、猪瘟荧光抗体试验和细菌分离培养与鉴定，确诊本次疫病系猪瘟与副伤寒混合感染所致。     

Effects of animal liver and bile extracts on biochemical values of rat ethanol‐induced fatty liver

The purposes of this study were to assess the improvement of fatty liver induced by ethanol with animal liver and bile extracts. This research aimed to increase the economic values of animal liver and bile extracts and used these to reduce damage of ethanol‐induced fatty liver. Extracts came from animal liver and bile, including pig bile powder, pig liver extract, a mixture of pig bile powder and pig liver extract, chicken bile powder, chicken liver extract, and a mixture of chicken bile powder and chicken liver extract, and these were fed to Long‐Evans rats. The results showed that rats fed ethanol for long terms could increase values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and alkaline phosphatase. Pig bile powder could decrease the values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol and γ‐glutamy‐transferase. The significances also decreased on aspartate transaminase, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and aspartate transaminase, which were carried out with the pig liver extract treatment. These results suggest pig bile and liver extracts have high potential to improve rats' ethanol‐induced fatty liver with serum biochemical parameters.     

我国猪瘟疫苗效力检验的替代方法研究与应用进展

我国兽药典中现行的猪瘟疫苗效力检验方法存在试验成本较高、周期较长、操作较繁琐、重复性较差、敏感性较低等缺点,随着分子生物学与免疫学技术的日臻发展与应用,猪瘟疫苗效力检验的新兴替代检验方法不断发展和完善。论文就我国近年来针对猪瘟疫苗毒种、半成品、成品效力检验的新兴分子生物学和免疫学检测方法的研究与应用进展做一简要综述,旨在为提升我国猪瘟疫苗效力检验水平提供合理的科学依据。     

Major histocompatibility complex and mate choice in the polygynous primate: the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

The highly polymorphic genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) not only play a major role in immunity resistance, but also seem to provide hints for mate choice in some animal populations. In the present study we investigated MHC‐related mate choice in a small natural population (group size 40–55 individuals) of a polygynous primate, the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana). We found that there was no evidence either for MHC‐disassortative mating, or for females to mate with males based on MHC heterozygosity or specific alleles. Nevertheless, of the 11 alleles identified, we found that the frequencies of 2 alleles, Rhro‐DRB2 (P < 0.01) and Rhro‐DRB5 (P < 0.05) were higher in offspring than in their parents. These findings suggest that MHC‐DRB in this population of R. roxellana is unlikely to be associated with mating preferences. Limited female opportunities for mate choice are likely due, in part, to the harem breeding structure present in R. roxellana, and the relatively small number of resident adult males in our study band (N = 4–6). In addition, we suggest that differences in the frequency of particular alleles across generations may be linked to parasite resistance in a fluctuating environment; however, confirmation of this finding requires further study.     

KC1对中间球海胆幼虫变态的诱导效果

中间球海胆（Strongylocentrotus intermedius)八腕后期幼虫，在KC1添加浓度100mmol/L海水中，分别处理5，10，15min后，均变态为正常稚海胆，中间试验及生产应用结果表明，经KC1处理，幼虫的附着时间缩短了36h，附着率则分别增加了40．4％，27．75％。     

Dynamics of appetite in three fish species (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Phoxinus phoxinus and Carassius auratus gibelio) after feed deprivation

The temporal dynamics of appetite (weight of food consumed per day) were analysed for fish fed to satiation after a 1 or 2-week period of feed deprivation. Three species were compared: two omnivores (minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus and gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio) and a carnivore (three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus). All species showed compensatory changes in appetite and growth during the re-feeding period but in the stickleback, there was a lag of a week before the compensatory response was detected. The temporal dynamics of appetite differed between the three species but not within a species. Appetite of the minnow declined towards control levels from the onset of re-feeding. In gibel carp, appetite increased to a peak and then declined to control levels. In the stickleback, appetite was initially below control levels, increased to a maximum, then declined towards control levels. The differences between the species might have been artefacts of the experimental protocols used but could also reflect underlying differences in the control of appetite in these species of fish.     

橡胶树HbSiR基因克隆与表达分析

硫醇是橡胶树胶乳中重要的抗氧化剂,半胱氨酸是硫醇合成的前体,亚硫酸盐还原酶在半胱氨酸合成过程中起重要作用。从橡胶树中克隆编码铁氧还型亚硫酸盐还原酶的cDNA。结果表明:该cDNA全长2417 bp,包含2 070 bp的开放阅读框、183 bp的5′UTR和164 bp的3′UTR,命名为HbSiR(GenBank:KF765492)。组织表达分析结果显示:HbSiR在橡胶树的根、叶、木质部、树皮及胶乳均有表达;在‘热研8-79’的胶乳中HbSiR基因的表达量高于‘PR107’胶乳中的表达量,但随着排胶时间的延长,‘热研8-79’和‘PR107’胶乳中HbSiR的表达量均降低。初步推测HbSiR与胶乳硫醇的含量有关。