日光温室无花果生长和叶片光合性能分析

【目的】筛选出适合新疆和田引种的无花果优势品种。【方法】在和田地区日光温室内,以引进的5个2年生无花果品种和1个当地品种为研究对象,调查枝叶生长指标,采用PP-Systerm公司的TPS-2光合仪测定叶片光合作用,运用直角双曲线修正模型对叶片光合作用和光合有效辐射强度进行拟合分析。【结果】金傲芬品种在上午时的净光合速率最大,达到23.4 μmol/(m²·s);新疆早黄、布兰瑞克、金傲芬3个品种的光补偿点较低,分别为30.0、27.5和30.0 μmol/(m²·s);布兰瑞克、日本紫果、金傲芬、新疆早黄4个品种的饱和光强较大,分别为2 277.2、1 939.4、1 929.4和1 899.4 μmol/(m²·s);在上午时金傲芬和美娜亚具有较高的内禀量子效率,为0.062和0.054 μmol/(m²·s);表观量子产额也相对较高,为0.126和0.049 μmol/(m²·s);在下午时金傲芬和日本紫果有较高的内禀量子效率,为0.051和0.048 μmol/(m²·s);日本紫果的表观量子效率也较高,为0.040 μmol/(m²·s);上午时新疆早黄的暗呼吸速率最低,为0.86 μmol/(m²·s),下午时布兰瑞克的暗呼吸速率最低,为0.57 μmol/(m²·s)。【结论】布兰瑞克、青皮枝条节间较短、叶片较小、生长势中庸,较适宜温室栽培;金傲芬光合性能最优;美娜亚、青皮、布兰瑞克、新疆早黄4个品种光合性能次之;日本紫果的综合光合性能较差;布兰瑞克、金傲芬较耐弱光。综合比较,金傲芬、布兰瑞克较适宜和田日光温室栽培。     

Ectomycorrhizal symbioses increase soil calcium availability and water use efficiency of Quercus acutissima seedlings under drought stress

European Journal of Forest Research - Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) can enhance drought resistance of host plants by increasing nutrient and water absorption. Calcium (Ca) plays a central role in...     

湖南省农业面源污染与农村水环境质量的响应关系分析

为揭示农业面源污染与农村水环境质量的响应关系,以湖南省46个区县为研究对象,核算了2019年种植业、畜禽养殖业、水产养殖业及农村生活污水中化学需氧量、总氮、总磷、铵态氮(COD、TN、TP、NH+4-N)的排放量,采用水污染指数法量化了农村地表水水质类别,对农业面源等标污染负荷、单位国土面积和单位地表径流等标污染负荷与水质类别值进行了相关性分析。结果表明:农业面源污染的主要来源是畜禽养殖和农村生活污水,主要污染物是TN;COD的主要来源是畜禽养殖业,TP的主要来源是农村生活污水,而TN和NH+4-N的主要来源是种植业和畜禽养殖业。46个区县中,农村水体水质类别为Ⅲ类及以下的区县有19个,Ⅳ类15个、Ⅴ类7个、劣Ⅴ类5个,TN是造成水质较差的主要定类指标。等标污染负荷与水质类别无明显相关性,而单位国土面积和单位地表径流等标污染负荷与水质类别均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.979 2、0.993 3;4种污染物中,COD单位国土面积和单位地表径流等标污染负荷与水质类别无明显相关性,而TN、TP、NH+4-N与水质类别呈正相关,是湖南农村水体水质变化的主要影响因子,其中TN是水质类别的决定性因子。利用本研究所得响应关系函数模型可以初步预测农村水体水质类别,进而有效降低农村水环境质量监测的难度和成本,同时为不同类别农业污染源监管提供科学依据。     

新型植物免疫激活蛋白维大力(VDAL)在春小麦上的应用效果

2019 — 2020年在张掖市民乐县新天镇王什村,通过灌浆期喷施和播种期拌种新型植物免疫激活蛋白维大力(VDAL),研究其小麦相关性状及产量的影响。结果表明,灌浆期喷施7.5、15.0、22.5 g/hm2处理的小麦千粒重、穗粒重均较清水对照提高;折合产量2019年分别为 9 523.0、10 040.0、10 240.0 kg/hm2,分别较清水对照增产7.04%、12.85%、15.09%。2020年分别为9 433.0、9 653.0、9 745.0 kg/hm2,分别较清水对照增产3.47%、5.89%、6.89%。2020年进行种子拌种,维大力用量86.58、173.16、259.74 g/100 kg种子处理较不拌种对照千粒重增加4.52%～7.23%;穗粒重增加3.30%～6.04%,折合产量分别为9 818.0、10 138.0、10 137.0 kg/hm2,较不拌种对照分别增产7.70%、11.21%、11.19%。综合产量表现及效益,初步认为维大力在灌浆期15 g/hm2喷雾处理或播种期173.16 g/100 kg种子拌种处理,均具有较好的节本增效作用,可在今后生产上应用。     

不同灌溉定额对膜下滴灌水稻耗水特征及水分生产效率的影响

【目的】研究膜下滴灌水稻不同水分处理对耗水特征和水分生产效率的影响。【方法】2017年设置5个灌溉定额,对比分析不同水分处理下水稻产量、各生育期耗水量。【结果】W₅处理(灌溉定额910.00 mm)的水稻产量比其他处理分别增加21.95%~458.43%。膜下滴灌水稻全生育期5个水分处理的耗水强度分别为3.75~7.14 mm/d。随着灌水量减少叶面积衰减指数逐渐增大,叶片表现出早衰特征,株高受到灌水量抑制。W₅处理与其他处理水分生产率相比分别提高7.61%~193.06%。生育阶段耗水强度变化规律为拔节孕穗期＞抽穗扬花期＞灌浆期＞分蘖期＞成熟期＞苗期。【结论】水稻全生育期适宜灌溉定额910.00 mm,在拔节孕穗期、分蘖期2个关键需水期,满足水稻水分需求。     

动物硒蛋白功能、表达及其肉质调控机制研究进展

硒蛋白是微量元素硒(Se)在动物体内发挥生物学功能的主要形式,其表达调控与动物生长和畜禽肉质密切相关。介绍动物体内Se元素吸收代谢的过程及其主要存在形式,系统总结动物硒蛋白的结构、种类、表达分布、生物学功能、合成过程、影响因素与候选功能基因等,重点分析硒蛋白在活体肌肉中的作用,以及对畜禽肉质调控的影响。通过梳理上述方面的研究进展,以期为新饲料添加剂开发和畜禽肉质调控研究提供科学依据。     

基于海洋遥感的西北印度洋鸢乌贼渔场形成机制的初步分析

2003年9-11月中国鱿钓船对西北印度洋海域鸢乌贼渔场进行生产性探捕调查，发现在16°N、61°E附近海域存在中心渔场，平均日产达5 t以上，但渔场10 d后迅速消失。本文结合本次调查生产数据和卫星遥感资料对这一渔场进行了分析。渔场形成内在动力在于上升流的存在，它使深海缺氧、营养丰富的海水上涌到表层，上升流影响区域SST低，表层藻类 的繁盛，海表面叶绿素a（Chl-a）浓度值高。溶解氧缺乏，驱使鸢乌贼朝溶解氧比较丰富的区域即向SST高值和Chl-a低值的区域聚集，但鸢乌贼也有朝食物丰富区域即Chl-a高和SST低值区域觅食习性。鱼群易集中在SST梯度较大且Chl-a梯度较大的狭长区域。同时，当该海域附近上升流发生后，低压扰动有利于较大的SST梯度及Chl－a梯度的出现和维持，渔场海洋环境复杂，鱼群迅速聚集，形成中心渔场；而当低压扰动消失，风速增大，风向单一，渔场海洋环境单一均匀，鱼群会很快分散，中心渔场消失。     

福安水牛生理生化指标的测定

选择福安水牛品种资源保护区临床健康的福安水牛公、母牛各10头进行福安水牛生理生化指标的测定。结果表明：福安水牛的呼吸频率、心率、体温都比滨湖水牛的都低;福安水牛的白细胞计数、血红蛋白比滨湖水牛略高,但在《奶牛疾病学》和《家畜生理学》的正常值范围内;福安水牛母水牛的红细胞数平均值比滨湖、摩拉、尼里、三元杂种、广西本地五种母水牛都低;福安水牛白细胞总数比湖南滨湖母水牛、摩拉水牛高,比尼里母水牛、广西灵山当地母水牛低;而福安母水牛的白细胞总数仅比广西灵山当地水牛低。福安水牛的生理生化指标在性别上没有显著性差异。     

Dynamics of appetite in three fish species (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Phoxinus phoxinus and Carassius auratus gibelio) after feed deprivation

The temporal dynamics of appetite (weight of food consumed per day) were analysed for fish fed to satiation after a 1 or 2-week period of feed deprivation. Three species were compared: two omnivores (minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus and gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio) and a carnivore (three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus). All species showed compensatory changes in appetite and growth during the re-feeding period but in the stickleback, there was a lag of a week before the compensatory response was detected. The temporal dynamics of appetite differed between the three species but not within a species. Appetite of the minnow declined towards control levels from the onset of re-feeding. In gibel carp, appetite increased to a peak and then declined to control levels. In the stickleback, appetite was initially below control levels, increased to a maximum, then declined towards control levels. The differences between the species might have been artefacts of the experimental protocols used but could also reflect underlying differences in the control of appetite in these species of fish.     

Performance of cotton single yarns and knitted fabrics produced by a 2-step spinning method

A low torque spinning method has been recently developed by integrating the ring spinning process with false twisting techniques. As a result of false twist and true twist, a novel single yarn of low torque and soft handle is generated. Based on the similar spinning principle, this paper proposed a 2-step spinning method, which is composed of twisting-anduntwisting operation and can be considered as a variant of the low torque spinning method. The proposed spinning method separates the false twisting process into twisting and untwisting processes which are combined in one step in the low torque spinning method. In this paper, physical properties of yarns produced by the proposed spinning method were evaluated and compared with the conventional yarns. Influences of various spinning parameters on the properties of 2-step yarns were also examined. Furthermore, a systematic study of the physical properties of the 2-step yarns and resultant fabrics with respect to the conventional and low torque ones was carried out. The experimental results showed that the 2-step yarns exhibit slightly higher tenacity, lower wet snarl and much less hairiness than the conventional yarns, which, however, are inferior to the low torque yarns, particularly the evenness. The fabrics made by the 2-step yarns show the softest handle feeling, best airpermeability and moderate spirality angle with acceptable pilling resistance.