Dietary n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids affect the biological and serum biochemical parameters,tissue fatty acid profile,antioxidation status and expression of lipid‐metabolism‐related genes in grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus

A 95‐day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 HUFA) on the growth, antioxidation and lipid metabolism in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with either lard oil (LO) or fish oil (FO) as the main lipid source. The results showed that the intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in FO group. The concentration of n‐3 HUFA in muscle, hepatopancreas and IPF was significantly higher in FO group (P < 0.05). The serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) content was significantly lower (P < 0.05), and glucose (GLU) content was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in FO group. The serum total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in FO group, consistent with the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The gene expression of IPF fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP‐1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) and that of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in FO group compared with LO group. Similar trends were found in the hepatopancreas, except for PPARγ. It is suggested that n‐3 HUFA could inhibit lipid accumulation in grass carp by affecting the expression of lipid‐metabolism‐related genes.     

Characterization of Collagen Enzymatic Hydrolysates Derived from Lizardfish (Synodus fuscus) Scales

Acid soluble collagen was extracted from the scales of lizardfish and characterized with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and amino acid analysis. After 8 h of collagen hydrolysis, hydrolysates had an estimated degree of hydrolysis (DH) from 4 ± 0.05 to 25 ± 0.63% (p < 0.05). All hydrolysates had angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activity. These activity levels showed little change after treatment with gastrointestinal proteases. Results indicated that the lizardfish by-products may be improved by enzymatic treatment with acid-soluble collagen from lizardfish scales.     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected feed ingredients for juvenile snakehead,Ophiocephalus argus

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, gross energy, phosphorus and amino acids in Peruvian fish meal, poultry by‐product meal, meat and bone meal, spray‐dried blood meal, hydrolysed feather meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal were determined for juvenile snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus) with initial mean body weight of 78.1 g. A reference diet and test diets that consisted of a 70 : 30 mixture of the reference diet to test ingredient were used with 5 g kg^?1 Cr₂O₃ as an external indicator. Fish meal, poultry by‐product meal and corn gluten meal had higher ADCs of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy among ingredients tested. Dry matter ADCs ranged 61.9–81.5% for animal ingredients and corn gluten meal and ranged 52.2–68.0% for soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal. Energy ADCs of ingredients followed similar trends to differences in dry matter digestibility. Protein ADCs of animal and plant ingredients ranged 73.6–92.8% and 75.3–85.6%, respectively. Amino acid ADCs generally reflected protein digestibility. Lipid ADCs were relatively high for the ingredients tested. Phosphorus ADCs of animal and plant ingredients ranged 39.5–65.2% and 38.7–57.1%, respectively.     

大鲵蛙病毒感染大鲵的动态病理损伤及病原的组织分布

本研究旨在观察大鲵在大鲵蛙病毒(Chinese giant salamander ranavirus,CGSRV)感染过程中组织的动态病理损伤,同时定量检测CGSRV在组织中的动态分布。对大鲵腹腔注射1.0×106.5 TCID50/m L的CGSRV进行人工感染,在感染的0d,3d,5d,7d,9d,13d,16d随机采集3尾,取肝、肾、脾、肺、肠、皮肤、肌肉、脑、心脏和胃等组织,石蜡切片和HE染色对CGSRV感染大鲵的病理损伤过程进行观察,采用SYBR Green q PCR技术对病毒在组织中的动态分布进行定量研究。组织病理结果表明,CGSRV感染导致大鲵多组织器官损伤,其中肝、脾、肾和皮肤肌肉病变严重,为损伤靶器官,且在一些损伤的细胞内见嗜碱性或嗜酸性包涵体。感染后3d肝细胞与肾小管上皮细胞变性,肾间以及肝小叶中央静脉周围淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润;感染后5~7d实质性器官变性、坏死,炎症加重,胃肠道呈卡他性炎。感染后9d表皮细胞坏死、脱落,肌纤维变性、坏死。感染后13~16d肝出现广泛变性、坏死与炎症,脾淋巴细胞数量显著减少,肾小球渗出性-坏死性炎,皮肤肌肉呈出血性坏死性炎和实质性心肌炎。SYBR Green qPCR结果显示,整个感染进程中各组织CGSRV含量呈上升趋势,不同组织中病毒量为2.36×103~1.84×109 copy/mg组织,其中肺、肠、肝、脾、肾和皮肤肌肉含量高,表明CGSRV具有广泛的组织分布特征,但肝、脾、肾、皮肤肌肉为其复制和损伤的靶器官,且病毒分布量与病理损伤程度呈正相关。     

单克隆抗体(Monoclonal antivodies)技术在水生动物疾病上的研究进展

单克隆抗体的发现和使用,大大提高免疫学检测的特异性和临床治疗的精确性,对生物、化学、医学、免疫学等多个领域的研究有着深远的影响.本文简要介绍了单克隆抗体的技术原理,回顾了单克隆抗体的应用背景,并将目前单克隆抗体在水产上各领域的应用情况进行了总结概括,对该项技术在水生动物疾病上的应用前景进行了展望.     

贻贝采卵试验报告

为了探讨贻贝人工育苗的规模、数量、茬次等问题，本文对采卵的规律进行了研究。通过在不同季节和时期用变温刺激法来诱导排卵试验，认为在春季应用升温为主的常规综合刺激法，其排卵宁可达到60%以上；在秋季应以降温为主的变温刺激法，排卵率可达到40-60%。此外，文中对不同年龄的亲贝所排放生殖细胞的雌雄比例和采卵量等问题进行了讨论。     

Cryopreservation of strip spawned sperm using non‐programmable freezing technique in the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

In this study, a non‐programmable freezing technique has been developed with the strip spawned blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) sperm. The key parameters optimized including (1) cryoprotectant agents (CPAs); (2) cooling temperature; (3) thawing temperature; (4) sugar and amino acid supplementation and (5) sperm to egg ratio. The fertilization rate and/or integrity of plasma membrane and acrosome were used as sperm quality assessment indicators. The highest post‐thaw sperm fertilization rate of 95% was achieved, when sperm were cryopreservated in 8% dimethyl sulfoxide at 7.8 cm above the liquid nitrogen surface and thawed in a 60°C seawater bath. The addition of glucose, sucrose or trehalose in dimethyl sulfoxide did not, whereas 0.8% glycine did significantly improve the post‐thaw sperm fertilization rates. The fluorescent evaluation has demonstrated that the addition of glycine significantly improved the post‐thaw sperm acrosome integrity, revealing a positive role of glycine in the improvement of post‐thaw sperm quality in blue mussels.     

Surface-exposed expression of Edwardsiella tarda EseB in live attenuated Vibrio anguillarum based on novel surface display systems

Live, attenuated Vibrio anguillarum strains can serve as vectors for the delivery of heterologous antigens for development of multivalent recombinant vaccines. Based on the outer membrane anchoring elements of V. anguillarum , we have previously constructed several efficient surface display systems Lpp-Omporf1, Lpp-OmpU, Lpp-Omp26La, Wza-Omporf1, Wza-OmpU and Wza-Omp26La. In this study, with these constructed surface display systems, a putative antigen protein EseB from pathogenic Edwardsiella tarda was successfully expressed on the surface of an attenuated V. anguillarum strain to get multivalent vaccine candidates. Further immune protection evaluation in zebra fish ( Danio rerio ) demonstrated that the V. anguillarum EseB-display strain AV/pW-26La-B could trigger full protection against V. anguillarum infection and early protection against E. tarda infection in the immunized fish. These results suggest that surface display of heterologous protective antigens in attenuated V. anguillarum could be used as a tool to develop potential V. anguillarum vector vaccine.     

日本对虾越冬亲虾性腺促熟及工厂化育苗技术研究

1997、1998年利用越冬亲虾进行性腺促熟,用镊烫法切除眼柄,促进亲虾发育。结果:两年共培育亲虾雌虾8204尾。雄虾5683尾,获交尾虾5360尾。交尾率为71.81％。每年两批育苗,共利用水体1720m~3,育出0.7～1.1cm的虾苗12450万尾,平均单位水体出苗量为7.24万尾/m~3,效益显著。     

文蛤增养殖区主要环境因子变化规律研究

2004年和2005年分别对江苏省沿海滩涂4个具有代表性的文蛤重点增养殖区的环境因子进行了连续调查、监测和研究,主要分析测试了以下3个对文蛤生存影响较为重要的环境因子:底泥中的硫化物(S2-)、底泥渗水中的总氨氮(NH4-N)和底泥渗水中的化学需氧量(COD)。结果表明:S2-季节性变化明显,地点上随监测站位不同有显著差异;NH4-N夏季较高,其它时段基本无变化,均值远远高于上覆水体;COD含量除受气温影响外,还显著受到人类生产生活(如排污等)的影响。另外,2005年较2004年部分监测站位养殖环境有恶化趋势。