小麦秸秆静态高温堆腐过程中的理化特征

为了解小麦秸秆堆肥过程中的生物化学特征,进行了高温好氧堆肥试验.结果表明,添加复合微生物腐解菌剂处理较不添加复合微生物腐解菌剂(CK)升温快,温度高,高温持续时间长;堆腐第2d添加菌剂处理堆体温度上升到50℃以上,第3 d达到最高温度67.1℃,50℃以上持续6 d;CK堆腐第3 d达到50℃,第4 d达最高温度59.5℃,50℃以上持续5 d.堆腐第9 d添加菌剂处理E4/E6值达高峰值3.419,CK的达高峰值4.085,堆腐第23 d后添加菌剂处理的胡敏酸E4/E6值为1.512～1.709,而CK处理的E4/E6值为1.649～2.060,堆腐过程添加菌剂处理的E4/E6值一直低于CK,表明添加菌剂能促进腐殖质的缩合和芳构化.堆肥腐熟后pH值较堆制前有所提高,添加菌剂处理的pH值相对较低,变化幅度较小.加入微生物菌剂处理的电导率(EC)值较高,且在持续高温阶段高于后熟阶段.     

八种杀虫剂对黑粪蚊的防治效果及残留分析

选择8种杀虫剂,分别在实验室和菇房条件下研究其对黑粪蚊的防治效果和对平菇菌丝生长的影响,并分析施药后不同时间平菇中的农药残留.结果表明,40%辛硫磷EC、40%氧乐果EC、48%毒死蜱EC对黑粪蚊具有很好的防治效果,但对平菇菌丝的抑制率明显高于其它药剂;10%吡虫啉WP、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC不仅对黑粪蚊成、幼虫具有良好的防治效果,而且使用后对平菇菌丝生长的影响较小;2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EW、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC、1.8%阿维菌素EC等使用5天后均未检测到农药残留,5%氟虫腈SC和10%吡虫啉WP药后15天仍能检测到残留.     

The discovery of HNPC‐A3066: a novel strobilurin acaricide

BACKGROUND: Although more than ten strobilurin analogues have been commercialized since 1996 as fungicides, only one was available as an acaricide as of 2003. To search for novel strobilurin analogues with unique biological activities, a synthetic screening programme was carried out. RESULTS: Syntheses of compounds analogous to the commercialized fungicide metominostrobin and the acaricide fluacrypyrim led to the discovery of a lead compound, (E)‐2‐{2‐[[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl}‐2‐(methoxyimino)‐N‐methylacetamide (3b), that showed moderate acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Koch. Compound 3b has a 3,5‐(CF₃)₂‐phenoxymethyl group instead of the unsubstituted phenoxy substituent in metominostrobin. Optimization of compound 3b was achieved by introducing an oxime ether bridge along with an alkylthio(alkyl) branch in place of the oxymethylene chain between two aromatic moieties, as well as by replacing the methoxyiminoacetamide group with a methoxyacrylate structure, leading to (E)‐ methyl 2‐{2‐[[[(Z)[1‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐2‐methylthioethylidene]amino]oxy] methyl]phenyl}‐3‐methoxyacrylate (6c) and (E)‐ methyl 2‐{2‐[[[(Z)[1‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐1‐methylthiomethylidene]amino]oxy]methyl]phenyl}‐3‐methoxyacrylate (9a, HNPC‐A3066). CONCLUSION: The above two compounds (6c, 9a) were shown to exhibit potent acaricidal and fungicidal activity. Compound 9a (HNPC‐A3066) also exhibits larvicidal and ovicidal activities against various acarids. The acaricidal potency is comparable with those of commercial acaricides such as fluacrypyrim, tebufenpyrad and chlorfenapyr. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

黄瓜绿斑驳病毒河北分离物基因组克隆及序列分析

为揭示河北省黄瓜绿斑驳病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)分类地位及系统进化情况,通过分子克隆测定了来自河北省西瓜产区分离获得的分离物CGMMV-chb的近全基因组序列,分析其基因组结构特征;并依据近全基因组核苷酸序列及外壳蛋白氨基酸序列进行了系统进化关系分析。结果表明,CGMMV-chb近全基因组大小为6 383 nts,Gen Bank登录号为KJ658958,含4个开放阅读框,编码4种蛋白;与Gen Bank库中的其它12个CGMMV分离物的核苷酸相似性为92%~100%,氨基酸相似性为98%~100%。CGMMV-chb与韩国分离物CGMMV-KW基因序列相似性最高,为98%~100%,与以色列分离物CGMMV isolate Ec基因序列相似性最低,为92%~99%;系统进化关系中CGMMV-chb与其它中国分离物、日韩分离物亲缘关系较近,处于同一亚组的不同分支中,与以色列分离物亲缘关系相对较远。     

进口粮谷中携带杂草种子种植存活率的研究

将进口粮食中截获的杂草种子种植于隔离的自然环境中,观察自然环境下外来杂草的存活情况:在一个生长季种植的21科97种9152粒杂草种子中,有13科85种640粒种子最终存活,种类存活率达到87.6%,种子数量存活率达到7.0%;有超过一半种类的杂草种子存活率在0%~50%之间,处于中低存活水平。在此基础上,提出进口粮食的监管过程中,在严防撒漏的同时,要特别注意加强监测,尤其在杂草成熟前采取防除措施,是防止疫情扩散的关键环节。     

Estimation of Genetic Variation Among Verticillium Isolates using AFLP Analysis

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to study genetic variation among 76 isolates of Verticillium. A dendrogram based on the AFLP data revealed three main groups. One group consisted of 35 European isolates derived from Brassica napus together with five Californian isolates taken from B. oleracea. This group displayed a high degree of genetic similarity and included three isolates earlier classified as Verticillium longisporum, indicating that all isolates in this group probably should be regarded as members of V. longisporum. V. dahliae isolates constituted the second group while the third group contained four V. albo-atrum isolates. In addition to these three groups, a cluster of six V. nigrescens isolates was observed. However, the genetic distances between the isolates of V. nigrescens were much higher than those between members in the other groups and the bootstrap value for the V. nigrescens cluster was subsequently low. Four isolates classified as V. tricorpus were highly diverse and did not cluster together. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that the isolates of V. longisporum were separated into four subgroups, based on geographic origin. The study furthermore shows that AFLP is a suitable method for studying population structure in Verticillium.     

黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌交叉引物恒温扩增检测技术

黄瓜细菌性角斑病是我国黄瓜生产上的重要病害之一,其病原菌为Pseudomonas syringae pv.lachrymans。根据该病原菌甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢基因保守序列设计引物和探针,建立了交叉引物恒温扩增和核酸试纸条检测技术。菌体DNA检测灵敏度可达0.55 ng,纯菌直接检测灵敏度基本可达到单个细菌。所测试的5株黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌和染病黄瓜叶片均为阳性,其他13株对照菌株均为阴性。该方法灵敏度高,且操作简单,对设备要求低等,适合基层实验室应用。     

富含乳脂肪球膜蛋白乳清粉中总磷脂的含量测定方法研究

建立富含乳脂肪球膜蛋白乳清粉中测定总磷脂的方法,采用甲醇-三氯甲烷提取,经过高温灼烧,用钼蓝比色法测定无机磷的含量,再乘以系数26.31折算成试样中总磷脂的含量,该法标曲线性关系良好(R2=0.9990),回收率＞90%,RSD<3%。该法简单,准确率高,可用于富含乳脂肪球膜蛋白中总磷脂的测定。     

2018年中国部分地区猪瘟病毒2.1d亚型新流行株的基因组特征分析

为了解中国猪瘟病毒（classical swine fever virus,CSFV）的分子流行病学及遗传变异情况,本研究应用RT-PCR方法对2018年采集自河南、河北、山东、黑龙江和辽宁5个省份的350份疑似CSFV感染的病料进行E2和NS5B基因扩增,并对PCR产物进行测序和序列分析。结果显示,350份样品中21份为CSFV阳性,共获得14株CSFV的E2基因序列和7株CSFV的部分NS5B基因序列。E2全基因、NS5B部分基因序列分析表明,21份阳性样品均属于近年来在中国流行的CSFV 2.1d亚型,且新发现的2.1d亚型CSFV与中国较早2.1d亚型CSFV毒株间同源性差异不大,新发现的2.1d亚型CSFV分离株在E2基因的6个氨基酸（R³¹、S³⁴、W¹⁸²、K²⁰⁵、K³⁰³、A³³¹）上具有相同的分子特征,E2蛋白中15个位点上的半胱氨酸均未发生变异。韩国2.1d亚型CSFV在E2蛋白上具有3个独特的氨基酸（N⁹⁷、K¹⁵⁹、R²⁰⁵）特征,并且发现了韩国毒株YC11WB可能作为2.1b和2.1d亚型CSFV过渡毒株的证据,流行于中国和韩国的2.1d亚型CSFV可能分别来自于本国早期2.1b亚型CSFV的衍化。本研究证实,2018年中国及周边国家CSFV较为活跃,且流行毒株依然以2.1d亚型为主,为中国科学防控CSFV提供了依据。