上海市小白菜高效安全生产现状与建议

上海市设施土壤栽培小白菜生产管理现状调查表明,本地区小白菜生产存在种子成本高、水肥管理粗放、生产效率低下等问题,建议继续加强小白菜高效安全生产模式建设,推广种子加工处理、水肥一体化、病虫害绿色防控关键生产环节机械化等技术的应用。     

抚育间伐对燕山北部山区山杨林物种多样性的影响

为了了解抚育间伐对燕山北部山区山杨林物种多样性的影响,对山杨林抚育间伐前后的物种多样性进行了调查和分析,结果表明:抚育后林地草本植物的物种多样性高于未抚育林地,抚育间伐林地草本植物的Patrick指数、Margarlef指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数分别为35.0、6.13、0.89和2.76,未抚育样地分别为29.0、4.90、0.32和1.91;抚育林地灌木的Patrick指数、Margarlef指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数分别为9.0、1.41、0.43和0.98,未抚育林地则分别为8.0、1.48、0.68和1.51,除Patrick指数外,抚育林地的其他多样性指数都低于未抚育林地;抚育间伐使乔木层优势种的优势更为明显。由此得出结论,抚育间伐对山杨林的物种多样性有明显影响,但草本、灌木与乔木对抚育间伐的响应有所不同。     

Ultrastructural impairment of islet microvascular endothelial cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice

AIM: To investigate the ultrastructural changes of islet microvascular endothelial cells in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into diabetic group and control group. The expression of insulin and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) in islet microvessels was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The ultrastructural changes of islet β cells and islet microvessels were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the number of islet β cells, ratio of β cells/α cells, average number of secretory granules in β cells and insulin expression area per islet in diabetic group were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Besides, diabetic group had fewer microvessels with lower expression of CD31 (P<0.01). Mitochondria in islet microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes in diabetic group were swelling. The basement membrane of islet microvessels became thicker in diabetic group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Islet microvascular endothelial cells were impaired in type 1 diabetic mice.     

长期培肥我国典型黑土玉米氮肥效应的演变趋势

【目的】依托中国东北典型农田设置的公主岭黑土长期培肥试验,研究长期培肥条件下黑土地区玉米产量和氮肥效应的时间演变趋势,阐明氮肥利用率和土壤养分之间的相关性,为指导我国建立长期培肥模式和提高氮肥利用率提供依据。【方法】本文选择不同有机肥用量(M0、M30和M60)下不施肥处理(CK)、施氮肥(N)、施磷钾肥(PK)和平衡施肥(NPK),共计12个处理,研究长期培肥对玉米的氮肥农学效率、氮肥当季利用率和氮肥累积利用率的影响。【结果】有机肥料和化肥(NPK)对玉米均具有显著增产效果,有机肥化肥配施可降低玉米产量的变异系数(CV)和提高可持续性指数(SYI)从而保证玉米的持续稳产高产。平衡施肥条件下的氮肥农学效率、当季利用率和累积利用率随着施肥年限的延长呈上升趋势并且达到显著或极显著水平;常量有机肥区和高量有机肥区的土壤肥力得到显著提升,氮肥效应随时间演变趋势分别为变化不显著和显著降低趋势。氮肥利用率与土壤有机碳、土壤全氮、土壤全磷和土壤速效钾呈显著负相关。【结论】在相对较高的肥力条件下,黑土地区玉米氮肥效应呈显著下降或变化不显著的趋势将为高肥力条件下有机肥部分替代化肥提供科学依据。     

Preliminary Study on NF-κB Signaling Pathway Regulating Brucella Intracellular Survival Molecular Mechanisms

By the infection of Brucella virulent strain and attenuated strain in mice macrophage RAW264.7,the assay was aimed to explore the relationship between NF-κB signaling pathways and Brucella virulent strain and attenuated strain in intracellular survival.Use different MOI Brucella (2308,RB51,16M and M5) to infect mice macrophage RAW264.7,after 0,4,8 and 24 h infected,cracking cell and collecting supernatant,we detected the effect of Brucella on activation of NF-κB signaling pathway by Western blotting.Different concentrations of NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor were incubated with mice macrophage RAW264.7,with different multiplicities of infection (MOI) of Brucella infecting cells,ELISA kits to detect the expressions of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine;At the same time,count the number of intracellular bacteria of CFU.The results showed that rough cattle Brucella strains RB51 could strongly activate NF-κB signaling pathway,smooth cattle Brucella strains 2308 was weak in the activation;At the same time,the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was concentration dependent.When the MOI was 80,infection time was 8 h,NF-κB activation degrees of rough cattle Brucella strains RB51 and smooth cattle Brucella strains 2308 were the strongest,and this pathway was involved in producing TNF-α and IL-6;NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor BAY11-7082 affected Brucella intracellular survival.So rough cattle Brucella strains RB51 intracellular survival and NF-κB signaling pathway activity were closely related.The results laid the foundation for the further study of Brucella intracellular pathogenesis,also provided scientific basis for the research of new drugs to Brucella,and prevention and treatment of brucellosis.     

西藏查吾拉地区不同性别牦牛产肉性能和肉营养成分的比较

为了研究性别对查吾拉地区牦牛的产肉性能及肉营养成分的影响,随机选取8岁健康的查吾拉牦牛10头,公母各半,对不同组别间牦牛进行屠宰试验比较肉营养品质的差异。结果表明,母牦牛屠宰率、净肉率、胴体率、骨肉比均高于公牦牛,但无统计学差异。肉营养成分分析结果显示,母牦牛肉中维生素A、E、B₁₂、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、钙、硒、脂肪酸含量高于公牦牛(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,查吾拉牦牛富含较高的营养成分,可为人类提供优质健康的动物蛋白,具备作为优质牦牛肉源生产的潜力。相比较,母牦牛肉优于公牦牛。     

影响六安瓜片品质形成与茶汤滋味的关键因素分析

六安瓜片为中国传统十大名茶,是我国绿茶中唯一只用单片鲜叶加工的片茶,因其独特的采摘方式和烘焙工艺,茶汤滋味更加浓醇。本文从茶树品种、产地环境与栽培模式、加工工艺和冲泡条件4个方面分析影响六安瓜片品质形成与茶汤滋味的关键因素,为六安瓜片品质的稳定性和标准化生产提供参考。     

优质高产棉花新品种鲁棉1157的选育及栽培技术

介绍了鲁棉1157 的选育过程、农艺特征特性、产量、品质、抗性及栽培技术要点。