利用味精废水固态发酵饲料酵母对非蛋白氮转化能力的研究

试验以产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)为出发菌株,味精废水、玉米粉和麸皮为底物,固态发酵生产饲料酵母。通过感官性状、活菌数、水溶性蛋白、小肽及氨基酸的测定来评价不同味精废水添加量对固态发酵的影响。结果表明:味精废水添加10%时,发酵效果最佳。发酵后活菌数达8.02logCFU/g;水溶性蛋白和小肽含量分别为7.99%和5.42%;游离氨基酸含量为17.82%,较不添加味精废水组及添加20%组分别高出1.26和0.9个百分点(P<0.05)。味精废水作为廉价的非蛋白氮原料,可用于产朊假丝酵母固态发酵的生产中,具有很好的经济效益和开发潜力。     

应用动物疫病溯源体系的体会与建议

动物疫病溯源体系是国家为了预防和控制动物疫病,整顿和规范动物防疫、检疫秩序采取的一项重大的技术行政措施。通过对动物防疫数据的实时采集,汇集到中央数据库,下情上达,这是动物防疫工作的历史性进步,使之由手工操作一步跨越到电子化时代,极大地促进了动物防疫工作的开展。经过两年来的应用,基层动物防疫工作者对疫病溯源体系是喜忧参半,喜是动物疫病溯源体系运作以来,动物防疫人员的工作量可以实时体现,减少了虚     

国内动物卫生风险分析研究评述

近年来由动物疫病、药残等引起的食源性疾病数量不断上升,已成为影响各国公共健康和经济发展的重要因素。为此,切实加强动物卫生风险分析工作,研究重大动物疫病风险分析概念框架,构建适合我国国情的动物疫病风险分析模型,已成为进一步提高我国重大动物疫病防控能力和动物产品安全监管水平,不断提升我国养殖业国际竞争力的一项十分重要而紧迫的任务。同时,动物卫生风险分析也是世界动物卫生领域一种新的工作理念和管理模式,是制定动物卫生政策和开展畜产品国际贸易的一项基础性工作。近年来,国内专家学者不断将国际动物卫生风险分析的最新研究成果和国内动物卫生现状相结合,逐步探讨具有本土化特色的动物卫生风险分析的理论和相应的技术方法,其研究结果对国际动物卫生领域的不断完善和发展起到了促进作用。本研究对近年来不断涌现的动物卫生风险分析的相关研究文献进行汇总分析,以明晰该方向研究工作的进展和动态,并探析动物卫生风险分析领域存在的问题,以期为补充和完善该领域的研究工作提供一定的基础。     

Risk-based surveillance for avian influenza control along poultry market chains in South China: The value of social network analysis

Over the past two decades, the poultry sector in China went through a phase of tremendous growth as well as rapid intensification and concentration. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) subtype H5N1 was first detected in 1996 in Guangdong province, South China and started spreading throughout Asia in early 2004. Since then, control of the disease in China has relied heavily on wide-scale preventive vaccination combined with movement control, quarantine and stamping out. This strategy has been successful in drastically reducing the number of outbreaks during the past 5years. However, HPAIV H5N1 is still circulating and is regularly isolated in traditional live bird markets (LBMs) where viral infection can persist, which represent a public health hazard for people visiting them. The use of social network analysis in combination with epidemiological surveillance in South China has identified areas where the success of current strategies for HPAI control in the poultry production sector may benefit from better knowledge of poultry trading patterns and the LBM network configuration as well as their capacity for maintaining HPAIV H5N1 infection. We produced a set of LBM network maps and estimated the associated risk of HPAIV H5N1 within LBMs and along poultry market chains, providing new insights into how live poultry trade and infection are intertwined. More specifically, our study provides evidence that several biosecurity factors such as daily cage cleaning, daily cage disinfection or manure processing contribute to a reduction in HPAIV H5N1 presence in LBMs. Of significant importance is that the results of our study also show the association between social network indicators and the presence of HPAIV H5N1 in specific network configurations such as the one represented by the counties of origin of the birds traded in LBMs. This new information could be used to develop more targeted and effective control interventions.     

抗球虫中药散剂常青散的亚急性毒性试验

为了测定抗球虫中药散剂常青散的亚急性毒性反应,取昆明小鼠为试验动物,随机分组,以临床应用剂量的2、4、8倍饲喂给药,确定常青散在28天内对小鼠的亚急性毒性反应。结果表明各试验组小鼠全部健活,体征、体重、外观、行为、采食量及饲料利用率、脏器系数、血液生理生化指标、脏器结构均无异常。常青散对受试动物未见有明显的亚急性毒性反应。     

鹅蛔虫ITS rDNA的分子特征及种类分析

为探究从广东省清远的鹅体内采集的蛔虫(Ascaridia anseris)的种类,对临床采集的鹅蛔虫样品,在形态观察的基础上,用保守引物NC5和NC2扩增鹅蛔虫的ITS rDNA基因片段,将扩增产物经克隆测序后,获得大小为1 009bp的鹅蛔虫ITS rDNA基因序列(GenBank登录号为KC905082)。序列比对和系统进化分析表明,鹅蛔虫5.8SrRNA基因与GenBank收录的鸡蛔虫(登录号为AJ001508)同源性为96%,而与不同地理株的鸽蛔虫的同源性在91%~96%之间;禽蛔科的鸡蛔虫、鸽蛔虫和鹅蛔虫同一进化分支,鹅蛔虫、鸡蛔虫和鸽蛔虫处于各自的独立进化分支。上述证明,鹅蛔虫是不同于鸽蛔虫的一个独立有效种,在系统发生关系上与鸡蛔虫更亲近。     

The stimulatory effect of TLRs ligands on maturation of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for initiation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR ligands combine with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on the DC surface and induce DC maturation. The potential effect of three types of TLR ligands (Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides) on chicken bone marrow-derived DCs (chBM-DCs) maturation was studied. The chBM-DCs cultured in presence of recombinant chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 displayed the typical morphology of DCs after 7 days of culture. These immature chBM-DCs up-regulated the expression of MHC-II and of the putative CD11c, but had yet low to moderate levels of the CD40 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules. After stimulation by the TLR ligands, the chBM-DCs displayed a more mature morphologic phenotype, significantly increased the CD40 and CD86 cell surface expression levels and gained the ability to stimulate proliferation of naive T cells in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, compared to the immature chBM-DCs. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that all three TLR ligands were strong stimuli for driving chBM-DCs maturation in vitro, with B. subtilis spores being the most efficient.     

放牧强度和时期对内蒙古草原土壤压实效应的研究

在不同牧压下,测定土壤容重,硬度,孔隙度,毛管持水量等与土壤压实作用的有关物理指标。结果表明,供试放牧强度对土壤容重的影响仅局限于０－１０ｃｍ,其中以０－５ｃｍ最显著。０－１０ｃｍ土壤容重的为ｙ＝１．２３６＋０．５９５ｘ－７．７６４＊１０＾－３ｘ＾２,Ｒ＝０．９７８。相同放牧强度不同放牧时期对土壤容重的表现丰夏季放牧对于土壤的压实作用最轻,秋季最重,春季居中。     

祁连山云杉林土壤溶磷细菌的分离及对白三叶的促生效应

为获得具有促进牧草白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)生长能力的优良溶磷细菌(Phosphate solubilizing bacteria, PSB)资源,本研究以祁连山青海云杉林(Picea crassifolia)根际土壤细菌为研究对象,采用平板定性与钼锑抗比色定量分析、系统进化分析和植物盆栽接种试验,探究了上述根际土壤所分离菌株的溶磷能力、分类地位和对白三叶生长的影响。结果表明：筛选得到的12株PSB菌株在难溶性无机磷(National botanical research institute phosphorus, NBRIP)平板上的溶磷圈直径/菌落直径的比值范围为1.44～2.40。12株PSB菌株均归属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。在上述基础上,选取的5株菌株在NBRIP液体培养基培养96 h后,发酵液的可溶性磷含量范围为387.41～479.87μg·mL^-1,其中菌株LT-4发酵液的可溶性磷含量最高。植物接种试验结果表明,与空白对照相比,接种菌株LT-4能显著提高白三叶的生物量,植株地上部和根干重分别显著增加87....     

多叶苜蓿自交二代农艺性状分析

多叶苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)的形态特征与苜蓿的产量和品质有直接关系,建立多叶苜蓿自交系进一步研究评估苜蓿多叶性状的遗传特性和规律,为多叶苜蓿新品系的选育提供科学依据。筛选多叶苜蓿自交亲本,进行亲本选配,田间试验观察测量多叶苜蓿自交S2代的多叶率、株高等农艺性状,与亲本材料进行比较分析。发现多叶苜蓿自交S2代农艺性状变异较为丰富,变异系数达19.54%~55.66%,分离出单株多叶率达100%的单株,S2群体生长速率变缓,多叶性状的表达呈多样化。