胰岛素、催乳素和孕酮对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞泌乳功能的影响

具有泌乳功能的乳腺上皮细胞系可作为乳腺发育学、乳腺病理学、泌乳生物工程学研究的细胞模型,本研究测定了激素对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞系泌乳功能的影响,为阐述泌乳机制提供工作基础。应用HPLC方法对体外培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的酪蛋白和乳糖的分泌情况和细胞培养液中的酪蛋白、乳糖含量进行测定,以确定胰岛素、催乳素和孕酮处理后的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的泌乳功能。试验结果表明：奶牛乳腺上皮细胞具有酪蛋白和乳糖的分泌能力,在72h内,随着细胞培养时间延长,胰岛素处理组细胞中的酪蛋白和乳糖的升高趋势不明显,孕酮处理组升高趋势较明显,催乳素处理组升高趋势很明显;胰岛素处理组、催乳素处理组和孕酮处理组细胞培养液中酪蛋白升高趋势均很明显,乳糖含量均很高,三组激素比较而言,胰岛素处理组乳糖含量最高。此外,三组激素对乳腺上皮细胞活力影响均很大,在72h之内,总体变化为：催乳素处理组和孕酮处理组细胞活力均升高,胰岛素处理组细胞活力下降。     

杂交苜蓿(Medicago varia Martyn)根系特性的研究

杂交苜蓿是野苜蓿 (M .falcata)和紫苜蓿 (M .sativaL .)的杂交后代 ,兼具亲本的许多优良性状 ,适于广泛栽培。对其在根系特性上所表现出的优势进行研究发现 :根颈处的劈裂将植株分为母株与子株 ,实现营养繁殖 ;位于茎基部的当年芽数量明显大于亲本 ,是地上生物量增长的基础 ;明显的缩根现象有利于茎基部和根颈顶部芽的产生和越冬 ;明显优于亲本的侧根与不定根 ,为根劈裂分株繁殖的植株提高地上生物量奠定了基础     

Immune responses and protective efficacy of a recombinant swinepox virus co-expressing HA1 genes of H3N2 and H1N1 swine influenza virus in mice and pigs

The recombinant swine poxvirus rSPV/H3-2A-H1 co-expressing HA1 genes of H3N2 and H1N1 subtype SIV has been constructed and identified. Inoculations of rSPV/H3-2A-H1 yielded ELISA and neutralization antibodies against SIV H1N1 and H3N2, and elicited potent H1N1 and H3N2 SIV-specific INF-γ response from T-lymphocytes in mice and pigs in this study. Complete protection against SIV H1N1 or H3N2 challenge in pigs was observed.     

饲料钙测定中原子吸收法和高锰酸钾滴定法的比较

在国家标准中，饲料中钙的测定方法是高锰酸钾滴定法。其方法原理是：将试样中有机物破坏，钙变成溶于水的离子，用草酸铵定量沉淀，用高锰酸钾法间接测定钙含量。此方法前处理较繁琐，前后需三天时间，检测周期较长。对于大批量的样品检测的速度带来一定的影响。原子吸收法测定比高锰酸钾滴定法更简便和直接，并且更精确。其方法原理为：样品经湿法消化，分解有机质后，将钙元素溶解在稀酸中，将溶液直接吸入空气－乙炔火焰中原子化，并在光路中测定钙原子对特定波长谱线的吸收。1 仪器和试剂1.1 仪器原子吸收分光光度计(美国瓦里安公司，…     

六枝特区主要动物疫病免疫抗体检测与分析

采取猪血清68份、鸡血清71份,分别进行免疫抗体检测。结果合格率为:猪口蹄疫4.41%(3/68)、猪瘟70.59%(48/68);鸡新城疫87.32%(62/71)、高致病性禽流感76.06%(54/71)。     

Calcium homeostasis and its relationship to superoxide production in blood and milk neutrophils of lactating goats

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), which comprise over 70% of the somatic cells in goat milk, are a major cellular component of innate immunity in the goat mammary gland. However, the function of milk PMNs is modified after diapedesis compared to PMNs in blood. As many aspects of PMN activity depend directly on intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ((Ca²⁺)_i), the present study aimed to determine the changes in Ca²⁺ homeostasis of milk PMNs from lactating goats compared to autologous blood PMNs, and to examine the significance of these variations to the immuno-competency of milk PMNs. The intracellular Ca²⁺ store of freshly prepared milk cells was estimated from the elevation of (Ca²⁺)_i after ionomycin treatment, which was found to be significantly less than blood PMNs. Replenishment of the intracellular Ca²⁺ store in milk cells after intracellular Ca²⁺ depletion by Bapta-AM followed by spiking with 2.5 mM Ca²⁺ for 20 min was also compared to that of blood PMNs, showing that after depletion/spiking the intracellular Ca²⁺ store in milk cells was much less than blood PMNs. The production of superoxide anion (O₂^?) in vitro in response to (Ca²⁺)_i-dependent or (Ca²⁺)_i-independent modulators was used to evaluate the relevance of altered Ca²⁺ homeostasis on the immuno-competency of milk cells compared to blood PMNs. The results indicated that milk cells produced similarly low levels of O₂^? as blood PMNs when treated with ionomycin. However, the amount of O₂^? produced by milk cells in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation, although greater than ionomycin treatment, was significantly less than that of blood PMNs. The capacity for O₂^? production by both cell types in response to PMA reverted to the resting state with use of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, staurosporine. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated an irreversible shortage of intracellular Ca²⁺ in the milk PMNs of lactating goats compared to blood PMNs. It also showed that preliminary O₂^–production, primed by ionomycin treatment, remained unchanged in milk PMNs, despite the shortage in intracellular Ca²⁺, but decreased O₂^? production capacity, mediated via the PKC pathway, in milk PMN. It is suggested that the defects in Ca²⁺ homeostasis in milk PMNs of lactating goats is partially attributable for the post-diapedesis functionality modifications.     

我国丝绸面临的困境及成因浅析

丝绸业是以茧丝绸为纽带 ,以出口创汇为主的跨越农工贸的外向型行业 ,现在我国的蚕茧和生丝产量分别约占世界总产量的78%和 72 % ,丝类、绸缎和丝绸服饰的出口量分别约占世界贸易的 90 %、50 %和 45% ,1 950～ 1 998年间丝绸出口创汇达 42 2 .1 2亿美元 ,在世界丝绸业和国民经济中占有重要的地位。1　我国丝绸业面临的困境80年代后期 ,我国丝绸行业高速发展 ,产量大幅攀升 ,出口量迅猛增加 ,但至 90年代中期 ,全行业发生前所未有的亏损 ,近来 ,以加入ＷＴＯ为契机 ,行业情况有所好转 ,但也仍在困境中艰难跋涉 ,发展前景不容盲目乐观。自 1 9…     

强化防微措施 提高蚕种质量

衡量蚕种质量的主要指标有蚕品种的杂交率、良卵率、家蚕微粒子病的带毒率,其中毒率的高低对蚕种质量影响很大.目前,我国在有望加入世界经济贸易组织的利好消息刺激下,茧丝绸行业有所复苏,蚕业又将进入一个新的发展时期.在本行业处于衰兴交替之时,我们种场又将面临一次新的挑战.种场只有加强对原蚕饲养基地的技术投入和资金投入,采取有效的防微措施,提高蚕种质量,才能在竞争中获胜.     

多变小冠花中β－硝基丙酸含量的研究

对不同品种小冠花在不同生长年限、不同发育阶段和不同器官及不同生长年限的β－硝基丙酸含量进行了研究。结果表明：不同品种β－硝基丙酸含量是不相同的，一年生含量范围为１８．３～２３；１ｍｇ／ｇ，二年生含量范围为２２．３～３５．９ｍｇ／ｇ。在不同发育阶段以盛花期含量最高。器官中以青荚果含量最高，根中含量最低。以上的结果为小冠花的毒性研究和小冠花的利用提供了科学依据。     

转基因家畜生物反应器浅谈（续）

转基因家畜生物反应器浅谈（续）陈庄，魏平华（广东省农科院畜牧研究所广州５１０６４０）２转基因家畜生物反应器研究的进展目前，转基因动物研究有三大焦点：一是转基因方法研究；二是利用转基因动物来研究动物基因的表达调控机制；三是利用转基因动物生产非常规畜牧产...