高温季节核黄素对肉仔鸡养分利用率的影响

试验采用1日龄艾维菌肉仔鸡198只，随机分为6组，每组33只。核黄素添加量分别为0、3．6（1NRC）、7．2（2NRC）、14．4（4NRC）、21．6（6NRC）和28．8mg／kg（8NRC），其中0为对照组，5组为试验组，试验选在夏季高温季节进行（7～8月），试验期间鸡舍温度30—38℃，湿度60％-80％。试验鸡28日龄时，从198只肉仔鸡中每组选出体质量相近的肉仔鸡6只，共6组即36只，用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验，研究高温季节核黄素对日粮营养物质利用率的影响。研究结果表明，高温季节日粮中添加高水平的核黄素，与对照组相比提高肉仔鸡粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的利用率。     

规模养猪引起环境污染的防制对策

规模养猪场对外界环境污染物主要是粪尿污物及其产生的有害气体,为减少它们对周围环境的水、土壤、空气造成污染的程度,避免成为畜禽传染病、寄生虫病和人畜共患疾病的传染源,养猪场应采取一切行之有效的措施,加强和实施对生产污物的治理措施,在提高产量的同时,注重对环境的保护,减轻畜牧业生产活动对环境的危害,以促进养猪业经济效益、社会效益、生态效益的协调发展。     

Ectoparasites are the major causes of various types of skin lesions in small ruminants in Ethiopia

Ectoparasites are the major causes of skin lesions in animals. Clinical, skin scraping examination, and histopathological studies were conducted to identify and characterize skin lesions in small ruminants caused by ectoparasites. Mange mites, lice, sheep keds, and ticks were collected from the skin of affected animals for species identification. Skin biopsies were collected from affected part of the skin and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. Of 1,000 sheep and 600 goats examined, 815 (81.50%) sheep and 327 (54.5%) goats were infested with one or more types of ectoparasites. Sarcoptes scabiei var ovis, Demodex ovis, Psoroptes ovis, Bovicola ovis, Melophagus ovinus, and Amblyomma variegatum and other tick species were identified from sheep. S. scabiei var caprae, Demodex caprae, Linognathus stenopsis, and A. variegatum and other tick species were identified from goats. Gross skin lesions or defects observed on the skin include stained and ragged wool, loss of wool/hair, nodules, crusts, lichenification, and fissuring. Microscopic evaluation of H and E stained skin sections revealed lesions in the epidermal layer such as hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and melanin inconsistency on the basal cells of the epidermis. Follicular keratosis, perifolliculitis, frunculosis, perivasculitis, and aggregates of inflammatory cells (of acute and chronic type) with fibrosis were experiential in the dermal layer of the skin. Most of the skin lesions caused by ectoparasites are overlapping. Thus, ectoparasites control program should be executed to reduce skin lesions as skins are the major export commodity of the country.     

重要营养素--血红素铁

血红素铁是卟啉类化合物,是哺乳动物血液中的天然色素和生物铁,广泛应用于医药、食品和化工业。文章就血红素铁的理化特性、生理功能及应用进行了简述,并对其常用提取方法进行了比较概述。     

建设生态奶源基地,促进奶业持续发展

生态奶业是指为适应社会进步和满足人们对牛奶营养卫生及环保需求，应用生态工艺实现奶业高产、优质，在奶业经济增长过程中达到环境保护，实现可持续发展的一种现代化生产模式。具体说来，就是加强对秸秆、粪尿等有机废弃物的利用，采用生物技术提高生物质能的转化率，利用生物防治和营养调控技术提高奶牛健康水平，减少有害物质的排放，生产出绿色牛奶和无污染能源。它代表了我国奶业的发展方向．也是中国奶业具备国际竞争力的重要体现。     

六枝特区主要动物疫病免疫抗体检测与分析

采取猪血清68份、鸡血清71份,分别进行免疫抗体检测。结果合格率为:猪口蹄疫4.41%(3/68)、猪瘟70.59%(48/68);鸡新城疫87.32%(62/71)、高致病性禽流感76.06%(54/71)。     

Milk utilisation patterns in the low-input production systems in South Africa

Understanding the utilisation patterns of milk assists in designing appropriate dairy development schemes in rural communities. The objective of the study was to determine milk utilisation patterns in different smallholder farming systems in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data were collected through the administration of recording sheets to 130 randomly selected households in Alice, Fort Beaufort and Queenstown districts. Amounts of milk produced per household ranged from 9 to 21 l per household per day. Milk consumption/household/day was similar among the three districts. Milk consumption in the early lactation doubled the amount consumed in late lactation (P < 0.05). Milk in the communal areas was largely utilised as fresh or sour milk. Fresh milk was mostly used in tea/coffee or to make porridge for children. Sour milk was consumed with thick boiled maize meal. Fort Beaufort (10.2 ± 1.37 l/day) had the highest sour milk sales whilst Queenstown had the highest fresh milk sales (9.7 ± 5.57 l/day). It was concluded that quantities of milk consumed or sold as fresh or sour were generally low and varied across smallholder farming systems.     

陇西南塬区农业生产系统结构与效益研究

本研究通过对陇西南塬区农业生产系统的结构分析，确认该系统的特征为产业结构不合理（以种植业为主），种植业以粮食生产为主，复种指数低（１１１％）；养殖业中草食家畜比例低，饲养技术落后，良种率低；林果业效益低下；人口密度高，劳动力过剩，生产能源短缺等。通过系统分析提出了调控方针，该系统整体效益提高的关键是发展以草食家畜为核心的养殖业，种植业应及时调整结构，提高经济作物和饲料作物的比例，提高复种指数，林果     

通过雏鸡MDV攻毒试验选择抗马立克氏病亲本

对F0、F1、F2亲本经继代No.614血型基因选择后繁殖的F2、F3雏鸡,10日龄以马立克氏病强毒（MDV）攻击至60日龄的死亡率,其父母亲对No.614抗血清呈阳性反应的试验组显著低于其父母亲对此抗血清呈阴性反应的对照组。试验组25个家系中,有14个家系的F2雏鸡死亡率显著低于对照组;F3雏鸡有21个家系的死亡率低于对照组,其中8个家系具有统计意义。肿瘤发生率,以肾脏和腺胃最高,肺脏和神经组织最低。综合血型抗原检测和MDV攻毒结果,从试验组25个家系中选留强MDV抗性家系留种繁殖,继代选育。