造林施工偏差对幼龄林生长及抚育的影响

本文通过开展中幼龄林抚育作业设计，调查不同林分因子，得出造林施工偏差对幼龄林林分结构、林木冠形、根系生长、胸径生长及抚育工作有着显著的影响。     

培育富硒产业团体标准的探讨

介绍了富硒产业的发展趋势、标准化对产业的影响,分析了培育和发展团体标准对促进富硒产业发展的积极意义,探讨了发展富硒产业团体标准的有利条件,并提出了开展团体化标准工作的建议。     

生产力促进中心咨询诊断服务的SWOT分析

生产力促进中心自建设发展以来，形成了多样化的服务业务。其中，咨询诊断服务不断衍化发展，已经成为服务中小企业的重要手段，积累了一定的优势，也存在着劣势。面对科技服务业迅猛发展的态势，生产力促进中心开展咨询诊断服务面临机遇与挑战并存的局面，通过基于SWOT分析法构建的评价模型，明确主要影响因素，进而推演出下一步发展的具体路径。     

胃肠道褪黑素的合成及其对消化道微生物群体影响的研究进展

胃肠道褪黑素主要是由肠嗜铬细胞分泌,具有一定昼夜节律性。褪黑素通过调控细胞因子或NF-κB等调控肠道微生物及其代谢,进而影响动物肠道微生物群体结构以及某些细菌的昼夜节律。本文主要对近几年胃肠道褪黑素的合成分泌及其生理功能、肠道微生物节律性以及褪黑素对肠道微生物的调控作用等研究进行综述,以期为胃肠道褪黑素与菌群之间调控关系的研究提供一定参考。     

黄连及黄连须、黄连茎叶体外抗氧化活性的谱效关系研究

测定黄连与黄连须、黄连茎叶主要生物碱含量并建立高效液相(HPLC)指纹图谱,分析其抗氧化活性的谱效关系。采用HPLC分析比较黄连及黄连须、黄连茎叶中小檗碱、表小檗碱、药根碱、黄连碱、巴马汀含量差异并建立指纹图谱,通过羟自由基(·OH)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、2,2-联氮基双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)(ABTS)自由基体外清除试验与总还原力试验评价其体外抗氧化活性差异,应用Pearson相关系数法分析HPLC指纹图谱与抗氧化活性的谱效关系。结果发现小檗碱、巴马汀含量为黄连>黄连茎叶>黄连须;药根碱、黄连碱和表小檗碱含量为黄连>黄连须>黄连茎叶;总还原力为黄连>黄连茎叶>黄连须,·OH、DPPH、ABTS·+自由基清除力为黄连茎叶>黄连>黄连须;总还原力与各峰均有较强相关性,·OH、DPPH、ABTS·+自由基清除力与4号峰相关性较强。说明黄连茎叶体外抗氧化活性较强,黄连须与黄连茎叶均有一定药用开发价值。     

Necrotic enteritis challenge regulates peroxisome proliferator-1 activated receptors signaling and β-oxidation pathways in broiler chickens

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an important enteric disease in poultry and has become a major concern in poultry production in the post-antibiotic era. The infection with NE can damage the intestinal mucosa of the birds leading to impaired health and, thus, productivity. To gain a better understanding of how NE impacts the gut function of infected broilers, global mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in the jejunum tissue of NE challenged and non-challenged broilers to identify the pathways and genes affected by this disease. Briefly, to induce NE, birds in the challenge group were inoculated with 1 mL of Eimeria species on day 9 followed by 1 mL of approximately 10⁸ CFU/mL of a NetB producing Clostridium perfringens on days 14 and 15. On day 16, 2 birds in each treatment were randomly selected and euthanized and the whole intestinal tract was evaluated for lesion scores. Duodenum tissue samples from one of the euthanized birds of each replicate (n = 4) was used for histology, and the jejunum tissue for RNA extraction. RNA-seq analysis was performed with an Illumina RNA HiSeq 2000 sequencer. The differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified and functional analysis was performed in DAVID to find protein–protein interactions (PPI). At a false discovery rate threshold <0.05, a total of 377 DEG (207 upregulated and 170 downregulated) DEG were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEG were considerably enriched in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling (P < 0.01) and β-oxidation pathways (P < 0.05). The DEG were mostly related to fatty acid metabolism and degradation (cluster of differentiation 36 [CD36], acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member-1 [ACSBG1], fatty acid-binding protein-1 and -2 [FABP1] and [FABP2]; and acyl-coenzyme A synthetase-1 [ACSL1]), bile acid production and transportation (acyl-CoA oxidase-2 [ACOX2], apical sodium–bile acid transporter [ASBT]) and essential genes in the immune system (interferon-, [IFN-γ], LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase [LCK], zeta chain of T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70 kDa [ZAP70], and aconitate decarboxylase 1 [ACOD1]). Our data revealed that pathways related to fatty acid digestion were significantly compromised which thereby could have affected metabolic and immune responses in NE infected birds.     

植物源杀虫剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫毒力及应用价值评价

以韭菜迟眼蕈蚊为试虫,采用药液定量滴加法及盆栽试验,研究了4种植物源药剂对韭蛆幼虫毒力及亚致死剂量效应。结果表明:印楝素、莨菪碱、烟碱和苦参碱对韭蛆幼虫毒力较高,其毒力与阿维菌素差异不大。苦参碱和印楝素亚致死剂量处理试虫的存活率均降低,并抑制成虫产卵,成虫产卵率下降;此外,苦参碱和印楝素处理的幼虫发育历期较对照和辛硫磷也显著延长。盆栽试验证明,植物源杀虫剂对韭蛆有一定的控制作用,并且半剂量噻虫胺与印楝素混用对韭蛆控制起到明显的增效作用,而噻虫胺与烟碱混用对韭蛆控制无明显的增效作用。因此,推荐生产中采用噻虫胺与印楝素混用,共同控制韭蛆。     

不同行道树降温增湿及滞尘效应

以海南热带海洋学院(三亚校区)校园行道树优势树种高山榕、大叶相思、印度胶树、菩提树、非洲楝、火焰木、马占相思、香樟、鸭脚木、小叶榄仁、垂叶榕、隆缘桉为研究对象,比较了乔木绿化树种的降温增湿和滞尘能力。结果表明:在相同环境生长的种龄相当的树种,降温增湿效应不同,高山榕、大叶相思、印度胶树的降温增湿能力最好;降温增湿效应比较差的是隆缘桉、小叶榄仁和垂叶榕。不同树种的滞尘能力也有差异,其中滞尘能力较强的乔木树种是火焰木、菩提树、高山榕和印度胶树。该研究结果对校园绿化和城市行道树的规划选择都具有一定的参考价值。     

明胶用量及其与卡拉胶复配对奶冻品质的影响

[目的]奶冻在储存过程中常出现失水现象,为提高奶冻贮藏中的品质和保水性。[方法]以不同时间下奶冻质构特性、持水力、感官品质指标评价奶冻品质,探究明胶添加量以及明胶-卡拉胶复配对奶冻品质的影响。[结果]随明胶添加量增大,水析率、回复性和弹性逐渐减小,硬度和咀嚼度逐渐增大,感官品质先提升后下降,明胶添加量为1.8%时奶冻品质最好;在总胶体用量为1.8%情况下,卡拉胶比例增大,水析率和弹性变化幅度小,硬度先增大后减小再增大,咀嚼度先减小后增大,回复性减小,感官品质先降低后提升最后持续降低,卡拉胶比例为7%时其奶冻品质最好。[结论]1.8%的胶体添加量下添加7%的卡拉胶与明胶复配提高了奶冻的贮藏品质,胶体复配可改善奶冻贮藏中品质下降问题。     

香蕉抗病基因类似序列(RGA)的克隆与分析

根据植物NBS类抗病基因保守氨基酸序列P-loop和疏水氨基酸GLPL保守序列设计简并引物,从香蕉抗镰刀菌枯萎病(4号小种)材料IN21(Musa spp.cv). 'IN21',AA)和Rose(M.spp.cv.'rose',AAA)的基因组DNA中扩增获得4个RGA,四条DNA片段长度分别为527 bp、537 bp、534 bp和547 bp,分别命名为"RGA-IN1"、"RGA-IN2"、"RGA-Rosel"和"RGA-Rose2"(GenBank Accession:EF488469、EF488470、EF488471和EF488472);同源性分析表明,均与已报道的植物抗病基因有不同程度的同源性,具有P-loop、Kinase-2、RNBS-B(Kinase-3a)以及GLPL等保守氨基酸序列,属于non-TIR-NBS类候选抗病基因.