彩色多普勒超声对直径3 cm以上肾上腺肿瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对直径大于3 cm肾上腺肿瘤的诊断价值。方法使用彩色多普勒超声检测43例直径大于3 cm肾上腺肿瘤的患者,分析超声图像特征及相关临床资料。结果 43例患者中超声诊断正确41例,误诊1例,漏诊1例;定位诊断率约95.3%。肿瘤以单侧单发为主,其中恶性转移瘤多来自肺癌,且大部分与原发灶来自同侧。肾上腺肿瘤形态多规则,内部回声多为均匀低回声,少许瘤体呈高回声或混合性回声,大部分肿瘤无明显血流信号。结论超声检查对直径大于3 cm肾上腺肿瘤的诊断及临床分型有重要价值。     

Quantitative trait loci for fruit size and flowering time-related traits under domestication and diversifying selection in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

In cucumber, the genetic basis of traits under domestication and/or diversifying selection is not well understood. Here, we reported QTL mapping for flowering time and fruit size-related traits with segregating populations derived from a cultivated × wild cross. Phenotypic data of flowering time (FT), fruit size (FS), fruit number (FN) and fruit weight per plant (FW) were collected in multiple environments. QTL analysis identified 19 QTL for these traits. We found that the major-effect QTL FT1.1 played an important role in regulating flowering time in cultivated cucumber, whereas the minor-effect QTL FT6.3 contributed to photoperiod sensitive flowering time during domestication. Two novel consensus FS QTL, FS1.4 and FS2.3, seem to be the targets of selection during breeding for the US processing cucumber. All other FS QTL were co-localized with previously detected QTL using populations derived from cultivated cucumbers, suggesting that they were under selection during both initial domestication and subsequent improvement. Results from this study also suggested that the wild cucumber is a useful resource for capturing positive transgressive segregation and novel alleles that could be explored in cucumber breeding.     

移动通信基站在森林防火工作中的应用

移动通信基站基于卫星系统和通信系统的相关技术已相对成熟,在森林防火工作中已逐渐推广应用。本文根据工程实例,简要阐述了移动通信基站在森林防火工程项目中的应用。     

施肥量对泰兴香荷芋生长及产量效益的影响

通过对泰兴香荷芋施肥量研究,考查了各处理主要生育期的苗情与长势、成熟期子孙芋产量及商品芋产值效益。结果显示:基施腐熟脱水猪粪15t·hm-2,苗期追施(3.1叶)脱水猪粪15t·hm-2+13-10-18高钾复合肥675kg·hm-2的处理子孙芋产量最高为23 421.90kg·hm-2,商品芋效益为88 506.60元·hm-2;基施有机肥7 500kg·hm-2+苗期追施(3.1叶)有机肥7 500kg·hm-2+13-10-18高钾复合肥450kg·hm-2+膨大肥(8.1叶)13-10-18高钾复合肥900kg·hm-2的处理产量相对较高。     

毛薯的营养成分分析和聚类分析

为选育出优良的毛薯种质,本研究以海南大学薯蓣种质资源圃里的80份毛薯为材料,以河南焦作温县的垆土铁棍山药为对照,采用苯酚硫酸法、考马斯亮蓝法以及蒽酮比色法对其干物质、粗多糖、蛋白、可溶性糖和淀粉含量进行测定和比较分析。结果表明:毛薯的干物质含量介于18.62%~38.88%,粗多糖含量介于2.88%~15.82%、蛋白含量介于5.14%~10.71%、可溶性糖含量介于0.1%~13.84%、淀粉含量介于11.94%~64.28%。与对照山药相比,Ds96所测品质均优于对照,可优先选择推广。此外,毛薯各营养品质之间存在着一定的相关性,干物质与糖类存在显著负相关,与蛋白和淀粉表现为正相关。通过对80份毛薯的营养品质进行聚类分析,在欧式距离为3.17时,可将其分为八类,按类群来看,类群Ⅳ各营养价值适中,其他类群在某些营养上比较优秀,可根据需要进行优良资源选择。      

硼肥用量对玉米生长发育及产量的影响

以郑单958和豫单606为试验材料,采用盆栽试验方法,探索不同硼肥用量对玉米产量及生长发育的影响。结果表明,施用适量硼肥可促进玉米生长发育,显著提高叶面积指数,使植株干物质积累量增加,同时硼肥能够促进干物质向果穗运输。施用硼肥能够促进玉米穗分化,使雌雄间隔期缩短,显著提高花丝数和花丝生长速率,进而增加穗粒数。施用硼肥显著提高玉米产量,且不同用量对其影响不同,3.33 mg/kg土壤硼肥处理的效果最为显著,郑单958和豫单606分别较不施硼肥处理增产14.3%和17.4%;施用量为13.3 mg/kg时郑单958增产3.5%;豫单606产生中毒症状,产量较对照降低4.4%。     

基于TRIZ理论的自走式青饲机喂入液压反转机构设计

针对目前青饲料收获过程存在因切割不畅导致的喂入堵塞以及收获效率低的问题，应用TRIZ理论对自走式青饲机喂入部分进行创新设计研究。最终设计出一种结构合理、操作方便的青饲机喂入液压反转机构，解决了喂入堵塞问题，提高了工作效率。      

Information extraction and dynamic evaluation of soil salinization with a remote sensing method in a typical county on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

Monitoring the dynamics of soil salinization is of great importance for agricultural production. This study selected Yucheng County, a typical county on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (HHHP) of China, as the study area and evaluated the spatial and temporal variation of soil salinization. Three methods, consisting of principal component analysis (PCA) transformation, tasseled cap (TC) transformation, and optimal band combination (OBC), were used to extract information from an early Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) image from 1984, and their advantages were compared. In addition, OBC was used on a thematic mapper (TM) image from 2009. An iteratively self-organizing data analysis algorithm was used together with prior knowledge of likely classifications to interpret the MSS and TM images for data classification. Finally, a transfer matrix method was used to assess the spatial and temporal variability of soil salinization and analyze the driving factors of soil salinization. Compared to PCA transformation and OBC, TC transformation was a more effective method for extracting soil salinization information from the MSS sensor. The results indicate that a soil area of approximately 298 km² was affected by salinity in 1984 in Yucheng County, of which 5.40%, 11.96%, and 12.75% were classified as being subject to slight, moderate, and severe salinization, respectively. In 2009, the saline area was reduced to only 146 km², of which 10.70% and 3.75% were characterized by slight to moderate salinization and no severe salinization, respectively. The saline land decreased at an average rate of 6 km² per year. This decrease was probably a result of lower groundwater depth, increased organic fertilizer or crop straw in soil, changed land use type, and increased vegetation coverage.     

梨幼树到结果初期春施15N–尿素的利用及其在土壤的残留与损失

2014—2016年,以‘黄冠’梨为材料,采用15N示踪技术研究了从幼树期到结果初期梨树对春季施用氮素的吸收利用及土壤残留与损失情况。研究结果表明,幼树期(2014—2015年)梨树生长以中心干和粗根等树体骨干结构建立为主,生长量相对较小;进入结果初期(2016年)后树体生长表现为树体骨干结构建立为主,枝梢等营养器官生长与产量形成并存,生长量大幅增加。整个试验期间,树体贮藏器官的标记氮素吸收量较大,其中幼树期中心干吸收量最大,结果初期粗根吸收量最大。0~100 cm土层标记氮素残留量随土层深度和施用年限增加逐渐降低,其中,施用标记氮素后第1年(2014年),土壤标记氮素残留量较高,残留率达63.61%,梨幼树对标记氮素利用率仅为3.25%。随后两年(2015—2016年)土壤残留量较低,树体对标记氮素利用率仅为0.51%和0.80%。试验结束时,幼树期到结果初期梨树对标记氮素的累计利用率为4.57%,土壤标记氮素残留量为20.34%,损失率达75.07%。